ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Chemical and physical characterization of Opuntia spp. seeds grown in Hidalgo State, Mexico

Francisco Prieto-García    
Judith Prieto Méndez    
Otilio A. Acevedo Sandoval    
Roberto A. Canales Flores    
Yolanda Marmolejo Santillán    

Resumen

Nopal fruits (Opuntia spp.) represent a valuable food in various Latin America countries. Typically, the seeds are discarded. However, they could contain basic components that might enable their use as a nutritional supplement or as another product convenient for the food industry. The objective of this paper was to perform a physical and chemical characterization of the seeds of three species of Opuntia (O. Heliabravoana, O. Xoconostle, and O. ficus-indica) to provide data that will help determine their potential use. Fruits were collected in different municipalities of Hidalgo State, Mexico; its seeds were extracted, dried, and analyzed. The results reveal that, except for small differences, the seeds had similarity in the physical characteristics of density and hardness to abrasion. Due to its relative size and volume, the seed of O. ficus-indica was 2.37 times more voluminous than the smallest seed (O. heliabravoana) and 1.50 times more voluminous than the O. xoconostle seed. The size and morphologies of grains were similar among the species. Due to their relatively high content of oil, fibers, starches and carbohydrates, the seed may represent a nutritional food they result interesting to be evaluated as nutritious food. However, in all the seeds, a substantial amount of lead was found, which is a metal that is non-desirable in any food. Los frutos del nopal (Opuntia spp.) representan un alimento valioso en varios países de América Latina. Por lo general, sus semillas se descartan aunque podrían contener componentes básicos que podrían permitir su utilización como complemento alimenticio o como otro producto conveniente para la industria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una caracterización física y química de semillas de tres especies de Opuntia (O. Heliabravoana, O. xoconostle, y O. ficus-indica) para generar un conocimiento específico de ellas. Los frutos se recogieron en diferentes municipios del Estado de Hidalgo, México, y las semillas extraídas, se secaron y se analizaron. Las semillas mostraron similitud en las características físicas de densidad y dureza a la abrasión, a excepción de pequeñas diferencias. Debido a su tamaño relativo y el volumen, la semilla de O. ficus-indica resultó 2,37 veces más voluminoso que la semilla más pequeña (O. heliabravoana) y 1,50 veces mayor que la de O. xoconostle. El tamaño y la morfología de los granos fueron similares entre las especies. Debido a su relativamente alto contenido de aceite, fibras, almidones e hidratos de carbono el resultado es interesante para ser evaluado como alimento nutritivo. Sin embargo, en todos ellos se encontró significativamente altas cantidades de plomo, que es un metal no deseable en cualquier alimento.

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