ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Nitrogen and potassium in production, nutrition and water use efficiency in wheat plants

Janaina M. G. Carvalho    
Edna M. Bonfim-Silva    
Tonny J. Araújo da Silva    
Helon H.F. Sousa    
Salomão L. Guimarães    
Adriano B. Pacheco    

Resumen

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cereal used in food and feed for its nutritional properties. For nitrogen and potassium management, efficient use of water is required for greater availability and transportation of these nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen and potassium doses in production, nutrition and water use efficiency in wheat. The experiment was held in a greenhouse with 8-dm3 pots using Oxisol collected at a depth of 0-0.2 m under Cerrado vegetation. Base saturation was raised to 60%. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 5x5 factorial arrangement with five doses of nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) and potassium (0, 90, 180, 270, 360 mg dm-3) with four replications. Soil moisture was maintained by an auto-irrigation system (3 kPa pressure). The experiment was collected at 95 days after plant emergence. We evaluated the dry mass of ears, shoots and roots, the total dry matter, nitrogen and potassium in grains, and the consumption and efficiency in water use. An analysis of variance and regression test at 5% probability was conducted using SAS statistical software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina). The nitrogen and potassium alone increased the dry mass of ears by 31.47% and 20.91%, respectively. There was an interaction of nutrients on the dry mass of the shoots and the total dry matter. Potassium increases the concentration of nitrogen. Nitrogen and potassium promote gains in production, nutrition and water use efficiency. Trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) es un cereal utilizado en la alimentación humana y animal por sus propiedades nutritivas. En la gestión de nitrógeno y potasio, el uso eficiente del agua es necesaria para la mayor disponibilidad y el transporte de estos nutrientes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de las combinaciones de nitrógeno y potasio en la producción, la nutrición y la eficiencia en el uso del agua en trigo. El experimento se realizó en un invernadero con recipientes de 8 dm3. Usando Oxisol, recogido a una profundidad de 0-0,2 m de área bajo la vegetación del Cerrado. La saturación de bases se aumentó a 60%. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar en arreglo factorial 5x5 con cinco dosis de nitrógeno (0, 100, 200, 300 y 400 mg dm-3) y potasio (0, 90, 180, 270 y 360 mg dm-3) con cuatro repeticiones. La humedad del suelo se mantuvo con un sistema autoirrigante (mantenido en el potencial de -3 kPa). El experimento foe cosechó después de 95 días de la emergencia. Se evaluaron la materia seca de las espigas, brotes, raíces, y materia seca vegetal total; nitrógeno y potasio en granos; el consumo y la eficiencia en el uso del agua. Las variables se sometieron a análisis de varianza y prueba de regresión al 5% de probabilidad por el programa estadístico SAS. El nitrógeno y potasio, por separado, aumentaron el peso seco de las espigas, con incrementos de 31,47 y 20,91%, respectivamente. Hubo interacción de nutrientes a la masa seca de la parte aérea y total. El potasio aumenta la concentración de nitrógeno. El nitrógeno y el potasio promueven ganancias en la producción, la nutrición y la eficiencia en el uso del agua.

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