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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Species richness, diversity and human activities in an elevation gradient, a high-ecosystem, Lagunas Huascoaltinas, Atacama Region, Chile.

Doris Sanhueza    
Marcelo Miranda    
Miguel Gómez    
Cristian Bonacic    

Resumen

The relationship between species richness, diversity and grazing frequency along an altitudinal gradient (1900-3400 m) of an Andean ecosystem indicates that there is an intense human pressure on vegetation use. To identify the vascular fl ora and its conservation, 20 sites were sampled in two visits during 2006. We identifi ed 79 taxa, including 62.03% native species, 22.78% adventitious and 8.86% endemic (the remaining 6.33% was identifi ed only at the genus level). Some genera were underrepresented. We also observed latitudinal limits (Alstremeria andina), monotypic genera (Geoffroea, Kurzamra, Phragmites, Tessaria and Salix) and monogeneric families (Buddlejaceae, Ephedraceae, Equisetaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Salicaceae and Oxalidaceae). Moreover, we found differences in the species distribution patterns during periods of grazing use and identifi ed statistically signifi cant differences in the species richness (p < 0.001), diversity (p = 0.010) and grazing frequency ( p = 0.047). Se determinó la relación entre las variables riqueza, índice de biodiversidad y frecuencia de especies ramoneadas, en un gradiente altitudinal (1900-3400 m), el cual forma parte de un ecosistema altoandino, donde ha existido un intenso uso antrópico de la vegetación. Con el objetivo de mejorar la información acerca de la fl ora vascular de este lugar, se muestrearon 20 sitios en dos visitas a terreno realizadas durante el año 2006. Se identifi caron 79 taxa, de los cuales, el 70,89% correspondió a especies nativas, el 22,78% a introducidas y el 8,86% a endémicas (el 6,33% restante se identifi có sólo a nivel genérico). Se reconoció géneros con escasa representación de especies, limites latitudinales (A. andina), géneros monotípicos (Geoffroea, Kurzamra, Phragmites y Tessaria), familias monogenéricas (Buddlejaceae, Ephedraceae, Equisetaceae, Malesherbiaceae y Oxalidaceae). Por otra parte, se determinó diferencias en el patrón de distribución de las especies entre los distintos períodos de uso ganadero, evidenciándose diferencias signifi cativas para las variables riqueza (p < 0,001), índice de biodiversidad (p = 0,010) y frecuencia de especies ramoneadas (p = 0,047).

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