From Sequencing to Genome Editing in Cucurbitaceae: Application of Modern Genomic Techniques to Enhance Plant Traits

Resumen

The availability of genome-sequencing and genome-editing techniques has increased the applicability of innovative solutions, opening up revolutionary prospects for developments in horticultural plant breeding. The Cucurbitaceae family is a group of plants of great importance in horticulture due to their high nutritional and economic value. These plants serve as important models for elucidating the principles of plant development and refining yield improvement strategies. While traditional breeding approaches have made significant contributions to the production of cucurbits, they have also been limited by the reduced genetic diversity and lower rates of variation inherent in these species. This comprehensive review summarises the latest developments in genome editing in cucurbits. It covers various aspects of enhancing plant traits to resist biotic stresses such as pathogenic fungi and viruses, as well as abiotic stresses such as adverse climate change, especially stresses caused by drought and salinity. This study focused on improvements in plant quality and on the optimisation of plant architecture, sex determination of flowers and fruit features. This review provides insights that may hold great promise for the future of horticultural crop improvement and serves as an important reference for the advancement of genome-sequencing and gene-editing technologies in cucurbits.