Resumen
The aim of this work is to develop an adsorber with a fixed bed of adsorbent and a mathematical model of the adsorption bed. On the basis of the theory of fractal clusters, an equation for calculating the layer porosity that takes into account the average cluster radius, the fractal dimension of the cluster structure and the anisotropy index of the adsorbent layer is proposed. The adsorption mechanism in the layer was established, and the proportionality coefficients were estimated based on the tetrahedral packing of grains in the layer. Based on the analysis of the movement of the carrier through the adsorption layer and its deformation, an equation that describes the change in the porosity of the granular layer when the water flow moves through it, depending on the proportionality coefficients, is proposed. An equation that made it possible to calculate the change in the porosity of the layer in comparison with the porosity of the stationary stacking was obtained. An effective design for the adsorber that made it possible to increase the efficiency of using the structure of porous adsorption layers was developed. Equations of the heat and mass transfer taking into account the granule shape coefficient, effective diffusion coefficient and mass transfer coefficient were derived. These equations establish the relationship between the average distance between active centers on the adsorption surface and the degree of filling of the adsorption surface with the adsorbed component.