ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Evaluation of the use of wound-protectant fungicides and biological control agents against stem canker (Neofusicoccum parvum) of blueberry

Bernardo A. Latorre    
René Torres    
Tatiane Silva    
Karina Elfar    

Resumen

Economically, blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) has become a very important fruit crop in Chile, and stem canker (Neofusicoccum parvum) has frequently been observed as a major disease. The symptoms are characterized by partial or total death of the foliage associated with extensive reddish-brown canker lesions at the base of the stems. Pruning wounds appear to be the main infection route. In this study, fungicide pastes and biological control agents were evaluated for their effectiveness as pruning wound-protectants against N. parvum. The mycelium of N. parvum was highly sensitive to benomyl, tebuconazole, and iprodione in vitro, with median effective concentrations (EC50) of 0.15-0.25, 0.26-0.33, and 0.52-0.68 µg·mL-1, respectively. The pastes formulated with 0.1% benomyl, 0.5% tebuconazole, and 0.06% iprodione also provided considerable protection of pruning wounds against N. parvum on the stems of Duke blueberries under field conditions. However, pyraclostrobin, with relatively high EC50 values (>2 µg·mL-1) in vitro, was largely ineffective in vivo at a 0.1% concentration, and 75% citrus extract (Citrus SL), Bacillus subtilis QST713 (Serenade Max), and Trichoderma spp. (Trichonativa) were also ineffective. Additionally, pastes formulated with 5% boric acid, although effective, were phytotoxic. El arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum) se ha convertido en un cultivo de fruta económicamente muy importante para Chile. Entre las enfermedades que lo afectan, la cancrosis del tallo (Neofusicoccum parvum) ha adquirido gran importancia. Los síntomas se caracterizan por una muerte parcial o total del follaje, asociado a lesiones cancrosas café rojizas que afectan externa e internamente en la base de los tallos. Se acepta que la infección se inicia a través de las heridas de poda. Este estudio tuvo como principal objetivo evaluar la eficacia de pastas fungicidas para la protección de las heridas contra N. parvum en arándanos. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el micelio de N. parvum es muy sensible a los fungicidas benomilo, tebuconazol e iprodione in vitro, con concentraciones medianas efectivas (EC50) de 0,15-0,25; 0,26-0,33 y 0,52-0,68 µg·mL-1, respectivamente. En condiciones de campo, las pastas fungicidas formuladas con 0,1% de benomilo, 0,5% de tebuconazol o 0,06% de iprodione otorgaron una protección considerable de las heridas de poda contra N. parvum en los tallos de arándanos cv. Duke. Pyraclostrobin, con valores de EC50 > 2 µg mL-1 in vitro, fue relativamente ineficaz in vivo al utilizarlo en una concentración de 0,1%. Del mismo modo, 75% de extracto cítrico (Citrus SL), Bacillus subtilis QST713 (Serenade Max) y Trichoderma spp. (Trichonativa) fueron ineficaces contra N. parvum. Además, las pastas formuladas con 5% de ácido bórico, aunque eficaces, resultaron fitotóxicas.

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