ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of water stress on herbicide efficiency applied to Urochloa decumbens.

Maria R. Rocha-Pereira    
Antônio E. Klar    
Dagoberto Martins    
Guilherme S. Ferreira de Souza    
Juana Villalba    

Resumen

This project aimed to measure the control efficiency of Acetil Coenzime A Carboxilase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides post-emergence applied to Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster under different soil water contents. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replications, consisting of a 9 x 4 factorial, combined with three water management systems (-0.03, -0.07 and -1.5 MPa) and three herbicides (fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl and sethoxydim + oil using four doses (100, 50, 25 and 0% of the recommended dose). Herbicide applications were conducted at two vegetative stages for all species: a 4-6 leaf stage and a 2-3 tiller stage. The physiological parameters evaluated were as follows: photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf temperature and plant dry matter. The visual assessments of phytotoxicity were performed 28 days after herbicide application. The controlefficiency was lower in plants grown under soil water potential conditions of -1.5 MPa, regardless of the herbicide used during the two application stages; however, none reached 100% control. Fractionation of the recommended herbicide doses reduced effectiveness, with the exception of the 50%-dose application of sethoxydim and fluazifop-p-butyl herbicides, which were also effective in the 4-6 leaf plant control under normal water conditions. El objetivo del trabajo fue relacionar la eficacia del control de los herbicidas aplicados ACCase inhibición de post-emergencia en Urochloa decumbens bajo diferentes contenidos de agua. El ensayo se realizó en un invernadero en el Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo. El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorizado con 4 repeticiones, consistió en un factorial 9x4, con la combinación de tres sistemas de manejo de agua (-0,03, -0,07 y -1,5 MPa) con tres herbicidas (fluazifop-p -butilo, haloxifop-metilo y setoxidim + aceite Assist) y cuatro dosis de (100, 50, 25 y 0% de la dosis recomendada). La aplicación de los herbicidas se realizó en dos estadios de desarrollo, 4-6 hojas y 2-3 macollos. Los parámetros fisiológicos evaluados fueron: tasa de fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática, transpiración, temperatura de las hojas y la materia seca de las plantas. Las evaluaciones visuales de fitotoxicidad se realizaron a los 28 días después de la aplicación. La eficacia de control fue menor en las plantas con un potencial hídrico de -1,5 MPa, independientemente del herbicida utilizado en los dos momentos de aplicación. El fraccionamiento de la dosis recomendada de herbicidas reduce la eficacia, con excepción de la aplicación del 50% de la dosis de los herbicidas setoxidim y fluazifop-p-butil, que lograron una eficacia en el control de las plantas con 4-6 hojas, en condiciones hídricas normales.

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