ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Biological control of Fusarium solani in tomato by the bioantagonists Paenibacillus lentimorbus and Trichoderma spp.

R. González    
J. Montealegre    
R. Herrera    

Resumen

This paper researches the degree ofcontrol of Fusarium solani utilizing bioantagonists Paenibacillus lentimorbus 629 and Trichodermaharzianum (isolates Thv and Th291) applied alone or combinated with solarization or methyl bromide75.5 g.m-2 in a soil naturally and artificially infected with this pathogen under glasshouse conditions.The soil was treated (fumigation and solarization) under greenhouse conditions, in the V Region ofChile. Paenibacillus lentimorbus 629 was applied to seedlings at the transplant with 2% of methylcellulosein a suspension of 5x109 cfu.ml-1. Trichoderma harzianum strain Thv (1.023.000 cfuc.g-1 ofpellets) and Trichoderma harzianum strain Th291 (993.000 cfu.g-1 of pellets), were applied to the seedlingsat the transplant formulated as sodium alginate pellets with a dosage of 1.3 g pellets.L-1 of soil.Solarization was not enough to control Fusarium spp. when the soil was artificially infected with F.solani. Nevertheless plants grown under natural inoculum population of Fusarium spp. in solarizedsoils plus Th291, present more dry weight. When the control level of F. solani and dry weight was compared,the best treatments were Th291 and P. lentimorbus. In soil artificially infected with Fusariumsolani, when the control level and dry weight was compared, the best treatments were fumigation plusThv, fumigation plus P. lentimorbus, Thv and Th291. In general, the results indicate that there exists apromoting growth of roots and dry weight of the plants when bioantagonists are applied. Finally it isconcluded that the application of these strains of Trichoderma spp. and Paenibacillus lentimorbus 629could be recommended alone or in combination with solarization in an integrated program control ofF. solani. Se investigó el grado de control de Fusariumsolani mediante el uso de los bioantagonistasPaenibacillus lentimorbus 629 y Trichodermaharzianum (cepas Thv y Th291) aplicados soloso combinados con solarización del terreno ofumigación con bromuro de metilo (75,5 g.m-2),en un suelo natural y en un suelo artificialmenteinoculado. La investigación se realizó bajo invernadero,empleándose suelo previamente solarizadobajo invernaderos fríos en la V Región deChile. P. lentimorbus 629 fue aplicado al estadode plántula al momento del trasplante, en unasuspensión de metilcelulosa al 2% a concentraciónde 5x109 ufc ml-1, mientras que T. harzianumcepa Thv (1.023.000 ufc g?1 de pellets) y T.harzianum cepa Th291 (993.000 ufc/g depellets) se aplicaron al mismo estado fenológico,formulados como pellets de alginato de sodio, enuna dosis de 1,3 g de pellets L?1 de suelo. Lasolarización no logró un buen control cuando elsuelo fue inoculado artificialmente con F. solani;sin embargo, en tratamientos en suelos que poseíanuna carga de inóculo natural de F. solani alutilizar la solarización en combinación con T.harzianum cepa Th 291, se observó plantas conmayor peso seco aunque no necesariamente elgrado de control de daño radical fue bueno. Alrelacionar nivel de control y la cantidad de materiaseca obtenida, los mejores tratam ientos ensuelos no inoculados fueron T. harzianum Th291y P. lentimorbus 629. El bromuro de metilo nocontroló completamente la población existentede F. solani cuando el suelo se inoculó artificialmente.Al relacionar el nivel de control con laproducción de materia seca, los mejores tratamientosfueron fumigación + T. harzianum Thv,fumigación + P. lentimorbus, T. harzianum cepasThv y Th291. Los resultados indicarían queexiste un estimulo del crecimiento de las raíces yde la planta en general, expresándose un mayorpeso seco cuando se aplican cepas de T. harzianumy de P. lentimorbus 629 para controlar F.solani, por lo mismo podría recomendarse laaplicación de estos bioantagonistas dentro de unprograma de control integrado de F. solani ya seaaplicados por sí solos o en combinación consolarización cuando existe una baja población deF. solani en el suelo.

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