ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on Echinacea purpurea mineral composition.

C. Bonomelli    
D. Cisterna    
C. Reciné    

Resumen

Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), is a medicinal plant whose mineral nutrition has been scarcely studied. In this work, using potted plants, we evaluated Echinacea nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation in relation to nitrogen fertilization dose. Data obtained from the experiment were contrasted to what was found in a commercial Echinacea crop. For both we measured biomass, dry matter and nutrient accumulation. Nitrogen fertilization decreased the relative proportion of roots in relation to aerial parts. Total dry matter content, including above and below soil parts of Echinacea, ranged between 25 to 26%, and remained similar for plants fertilized with different nitrogen doses. Phosphorus concentration was 0.29% and potassium 2.66%. Foliar concentration of Cu, Zn and Mn was in the normal range, according to specialized literature. On the other hand, Fe foliar concentration was high in relation to most cultivated plants, and B concentration was very high, reaching values above 300 mg·kg-1. Since the high B concentration did not affect plant biomass accumulation, Echinacea may be considered a suitable choice for soils with high Boron concentration, because very few crops can tolerate such conditions.  Echinacea purpurea L., es una planta de uso medicinal, la cual escasamente se ha estudiado desde el punto de vista de su nutrición mineral. Este estudio tuvo el propósito de determinar la absorción de nutrientes y la respuesta de la biomasa a distintas dosis de nitrógeno aplicado en dos oportunidades (julio y agosto), en dosis equivalentes a 0, 33 o 100 kg·ha-1 de N, a plantas deE. purpurea mantenidas en condiciones experimentales en macetas de 10 L de capacidad. Se determinó la biomasa, el contenido de materia seca y la acumulación de nutrientes. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo demuestran que E. purpurea responde a la fertilización nitrogenada, siendo el principal efecto el cambio en la distribución de la materia seca: las raíces de plantas sin fertilizar representaron un 29,8 % del total y las fertilizadas un 23 %. La proporción de hojas de las plantas fertilizadas llegaron hasta un 35 % y las flores y botones a un 12,9 %, mientras que las sin fertilizar alcanzaron un 29 y 21 %, respectivamente. La concentración de fósforo y potasio fue de 0,29 y 2,66 %, respectivamente. La concentración foliar de Cu, Zn y Mn estuvo dentro de rangos normales, siendo en muestras de E. purpurea obtenidos en un cultivo comercial iguales a 21, 23 y 81 mg·kg-1, respectivamente. En cambio, la concentración foliar de Fe (1388 mg·kg-1) fue alta y la de B (329 mg·kg-1) muy alta; no obstante, no afectó la acumulación de biomasa. En consecuencia, esta especie podría ser evaluada como una interesante alternativa para suelos con altas concentraciones de boro.

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