ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Innovation in the agricultural sector: Experiences in Latin America

Ricardo X. Chávez    
Emma D. Lombeida    
Álvaro M. Pazmiño    
Flora del C. Vasconez    

Resumen

This article is about the evolution of the agrarian sciences and how innovation plays a crucial role in its development. It also notes how not all innovations have had a positive impact on ecosystems and biodiversity. Such is the case for the relentless advancement of agro-industrial production, which oriented toward obtaining more efficiency and profits, and supported by monocultivation and transgenic varieties through intensive and extensive cultivation. Different alternatives that involve the application of present and ancient knowledge must be used to achieve food sovereignty and safety, based on multidisciplinary knowledge, co-production between public Universities, different types of small-scale farmer and research centers supported by inclusive policies that protect these practices. Este artículo trata de la evolución de las ciencias agrarias en el tiempo y como la innovación juega un papel fundamental en su desarrollo. También apunta que no todas las innovaciones y avances tecnológicos realizados han tenido un impacto positivo en los ecosistemas y la biodiversidad como es el caso del avance implacable de la producción agroindustrial orientada a obtener mayores márgenes de eficiencia y ganancia apoyados fundamentalmente en el monocultivo y el empleo de variedades transgénicas mediante cultivos intensivos y extensivos. Para el logro de la soberanía y seguridad alimentarias deben fomentarse alternativas que involucren la aplicación de los conocimientos científicos actuales y los saberes locales y ancestrales, que atesoran nuestras regiones y campesinado tan variado y heterogéneo que con la coproducción de conocimientos multidiciplinarios con universidades públicas, y centros de investigaciones respaldados por políticas inclusivas y que protejan estas prácticas se puede lograr mitigar estas amenazas.

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