ARTÍCULO
TITULO

A simple method for estimating suitable territory for bioenergy species in Chile

Luis Morales-Salinas    
Edmundo Acevedo    
Giorgio Castellaro    
Luis Román-Osorio    
Jael Morales-Inostroza    
Máximo F. Alonso    

Resumen

In the past 20 years, different areas of research concerning native and exotic species, herbaceous crops and forest plantations have been oriented toward satisfying domestic, industrial and transportation energy requirements. Because bioenergy species constitute an important resource, it would be strategic for a country to have a method for identifying areas suitable for their cultivation to properly incorporate the establishment of energy crops into land use planning. In this study, we sought to define the suitable territories for 16 bioenergy species and their energy potential based on their soil and climate requirements in Central and Southern Chile. We used an adapted version of the FAO EcoCrop database implemented through DIVA-GIS software to predict the crop suitability of different geographical areas, and our results indicate that this method is a simple way to identify land suitable for the establishment of bioenergy species, which is information that can be used in land use planning. Furthermore, spatially explicit regression and ordinary kriging proved to be satisfactory tools for interpolating data from weather station networks through the generation of continuous climatic information grids. Land suitability is presented at a scale of 1:1,000,000 in a continuous digital format expressed in probabilistic terms.En estos últimos 20 años diversas líneas de investigación en especies nativas y exóticas, cultivos herbáceos y plantaciones forestales se han orientado al desarrollo de aplicaciones energéticas domésticas, industriales y para el transporte. Como son un recurso importante, es estratégico contar con un método que permita identificar en el territorio nacional las áreas con aptitud para el cultivo de estas especies, con el objetivo de realizar una planificación territorial adecuada para el establecimiento de las plantaciones bioenergéticas. En este estudio se presenta un método simple para definir la idoneidad territorial de 16 especies con potencial energético (El Bassam, 2010) en el Centro y Sur de Chile, en base a sus requerimientos de suelo y clima. Se utilizó una adaptación del método EcoCrop implementado en el software DIVA-GIS para predecir la idoneidad de los cultivos en dicha zona geográfica. Los resultados muestran que el método propuesto representa una forma sencilla de estimar las zonas del territorio con idoneidad adecuada para establecer plantaciones bioenergéticas específicas, información que puede ser utilizada para la toma de decisiones en la planificación del territorio. La regresión espacialmente explicita y el kriging ordinario mostraron ser una herramienta satisfactoria de interpolación de los datos obtenidos de redes de estaciones climáticas para la generación de rejillas continuas de datos climáticos. La idoneidad territorial se presenta en un formato digital continuo expresado en términos probabilísticos a una escala 1:1.000.000.

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