ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Changes of the floristic composition in a pampean native grassland under different management practices. Cien. Inv. Agr. (In English) 33(2):89-96.

S.R. Feldman    
Roberto O. Refi    

Resumen

Plant communities developed on alkaline soils of the Pampa Ondulada region in Argentina are already described from a floristic point of view. The goal of this paper is to analyze the effect of different managements on community structure. The following experimental plots were set in March 2001: (1) control; (2) chisel plough tillage and fertilization; (3) fertilization and sow of Festuca arundinacea, festuca and Lotus corniculatus, lotus; and (4) gliphosate aplication, fertilization and non-tillage with sow of the same species. Intermitent grazings were allowed. On April and November 2001 and 2002 vegetation was surveyed in randomly placed permanent plots using a cover-abundance scale. Plot x species matrixes were built and analyzed by multivariate methods. Diversity (H?), richness (S), and evenness (E) indexes were estimated and compared using non-parametric methods. All diversity indexes (S, E and H?) and overall grassland cover were high at the beginning of the experiment. On November 2001 and April 2002, H? and S significantly differed among treatments, with highest values found on treatment (1) and lowest ones on treatment (4). S values increased during the second spring due to restoration of original grassland species. Although management practices improved forage quality of study grassland in the short time, plant community showed poor resilience after agricultural disturbances, including incorporation of exotic species. En la región de la Pampa Ondulada de Argentina existen áreas con suelos alcalinos destinadas a la cría vacuna, cuyas comunidades vegetales están descriptas, pero se desconoce el efecto de diferentes prácticas de manejo. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo por objetivo describir los cambios botánicos en el corto plazo, de un pastizal deteriorado por inadecuado manejo del pastoreo y sometido a distintas alternativas posteriores de manejo. En otoño de 2001 se establecieron los siguientes tratamientos: 1. Campo natural sin modificar; 2. Escarificado y fertilización fosforada; 3. Fertilización e intersiembra con Festuca arundinacea y Lotus corniculatus; y 4. Aplicaciones de glifosato, fertilización y siembra directa de las mismas especies. Los pastoreos fueron intermitentes con alta carga instantánea. En abril y noviembre de 2001, y 2002 se hicieron censos de abundancia-cobertura en parcelas fijas de 4 x 4 m. Se construyeron matrices de especies por parcela, analizadas mediante métodos multivariados. Diversidad (H?), riqueza (S) y equitatividad (E) se compararon mediante métodos no-paramétricos. Inicialmente la S, E y cobertura del pastizal fue elevada. En noviembre de 2001 y abril de 2002, H? y S fueron estadísticamente distintas, con los mayores valores en el tratamiento (1) y los menores en el tratamiento (4). En la primavera de 2002, la reaparición de especies del pastizal incrementó los valores de S. Aunque los tratamientos mejoraron en el corto plazo la aptitud forrajera del pastizal, éste tendría baja resiliencia en dicho plazo ante disturbios que involucren la introducción de especies.

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