Resumen
Biosurfactants are molecules synthesized by a wide variety of microorganisms They are characterized by the ability to reduce surface tension and act in the dispersion, solubilization, mobilization, removal and viscosity of petroleum and its derivatives. The aim of this study was to produce biosurfactant using the filamentous fungus M. circinelloides in cultivation with previously established conditions to evaluate its properties, characterize the chemical structure and investigate the application of the biomolecule in the hydrocarbon recovery. Biosurfactant yield was 6.0 g L-1. The surface tension was reduced to 26 mN m-1 with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.5%. The biosurfactant exhibited stability to surface tension under adverse environmental conditions. M. circinelloides surfactant is similar to chemical surfactants for presenting Oil displacement area of 50 cm2 in water-in-oil dispersion, as well as reduce the oil viscosity from 843.6 to 14.7 cP. Physical-chemical analyzes showed that the biosurfactant produced is a lipopeptide. The cationic character was identified by performing the zeta potential. The biosurfactant demonstrated no toxicity and recovered 95.9% of motor oil adsorbed on a clay soil sample, presenting considerable potential for use in bioremediation processes, especially in the petroleum industry.