ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Growth and yield of rice cultivars sowed on different dates under tropical conditions

Gabriel Garcés-Varon    
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz    

Resumen

Rice plants are susceptible to low light or high temperature conditions during the reproductive and maturity stages. Two rice cultivars, Fedearroz 50 ('F50') and Fedearroz 733 ('F733'), were planted on three planting dates, January 1st (PD1), February 15th (PD2) and April 1st (PD3), to expose them to different climatic conditions during the different stages of rice development. The experiment was a factorial arrangement. Of the various weather parameters, solar radiation fluctuated the most among the three different planting dates, with PD1 having the highest number of days with values ??= 450 cal·cm-2·d-1. The yield components were influenced by the planting time. PD3 showed the lowest number of tillers per unit of area and the highest percentage of sterility spikelets. With respect to grain yield, PD1 and PD3 performed the best for both 'F50' and 'F733.' On the other hand, the optimum leaf area index (7) was reached at approximately 85-90 days for both cultivars for all three different planting dates. Similarly, solar radiation had a high correlation with the biomass production (dry matter) and leaf area index. In conclusion, the rice planting date should be adjusted so that the reproductive stage and grain filling do not coincide mainly with periods of low solar radiation (= 430 cal·cm-2·d-1) in tropical conditions.Las plantas de arroz han demostrado susceptibilidad a condiciones de bajas o altas temperaturas durante las etapas reproductivas y de madurez. Dos cultivares de arroz: Fedearroz 50 (F50) y Fedearroz 733 (F733) se plantaron en tres fechas de siembra: 1 de enero (PD1), 15 de febrero (PD2) y 1 de abril (PD3), con el fin de tener diferentes condiciones climáticas durante las diferentes etapas de desarrollo del arroz. El experimento se desarrolló bajo un arreglo factorial. En cuanto a los datos del clima, la radiación solar fue el parámetro más fluctuante en las tres fechas de siembra, siendo PD1 el que tuvo un mayor número de días con valores = 450 cal cm-2 d-1. Los componentes del rendimiento fueron influenciados por la época de siembra; PD3 mostró el menor número de macollas por unidad de superficie y el mayor porcentaje de espiguillas estériles. En cuanto a rendimiento de grano, PD1 y PD3 tuvieron el mejor comportamiento para las dos variedades 'F50' y 'F733'. Por otro lado, se alcanzó el índice de área óptimo de la hoja (7) aproximadamente a 85-90 días, para ambos cultivares en sus tres diferentes fechas de siembra, respectivamente. Del mismo modo, la radiación solar presentó una alta correlación con la producción de biomasa (materia seca) y el índice de área foliar. En conclusión, la fecha de siembra de arroz debe ajustarse de modo que la etapa reproductiva y llenado de grano no coinciden principalmente con periodos de baja radiación solar (= 430 cal cm-2 d-1), en condiciones tropicales.

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