ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Population effects on yield and quality of spears of four asparagus cultivars.

V. Farías    
C. Krarup    
S. Contreras    

Resumen

Four asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) cultivars (Atlas, JWC-1, UC-157 F1 and UC-157 F2) were planted at four population levels (22.222, 33.333, 44.444 and 55.555 plants·ha-1), in Curacaví, Chile (33°25?S; 72°11?W), to determine effects on total yield, commercial yield, and quality of spears through time. Results of the three initial spring harvest periods indicate that total and commercial yields increase significantly with age of plantation and with plant population in all cultivars. The third harvest data indicates that yields were 50 and 58% higher with 44.444 and 55.555 plants·ha-1 in relation to 22.222 plants·ha-1, with a non-significant and marginal decrease in spear weight. The best yield and quality was obtained with cultivar UC-157 F1, which should be planted with a population of 44.444 plants·ha-1 to maximize yield and quality. En Curacaví, Chile (33°25?S; 72°11?W), se establecieron cuatro cultivares de espárrago (Asparagus officinalis), tres híbridos (Atlas, JWC- 1, y UC-157 F1) y un cultivar obtenido por polinización libre del cultivar UC-157 F2, en poblaciones de 22.222, 33.333, 44.444 y 55.555 plantas·ha-1, con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de las poblaciones sobre el comportamiento productivo de los cultivares. Los resultados de tres temporadas de cosecha indicaron una producción creciente a través de las temporadas y que al aumentar la población los rendimientos se incrementan progresivamente, llegando a ser 50 y 58% más altos con 44.444 y 55.555 plantas·ha-1 que con 22.000 plantas·ha-1 en la tercera temporada, sin una disminución significativa del peso o calibre de los turiones. Los rendimientos totales y comerciales más altos correspondieron al cultivar UC-157 F1, el que también sobresalió por aspectos cualitativos de los turiones. Se concluye que este cultivar continúa siendo el más recomendable y que su población debiera ser de 44.444 plantas·ha-1 para asegurar rendimientos y calidad máximos.

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