ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Dry matter production, chemical composition, dry matter digestibility and occurrence of fungi in Bermuda grass hay (Cynodon dactylon) under different fertilization systems or associated with pea plantings in winter

João Paulo Ames    
Marcela Abbado Neres    
Deise Dalazen Castagnara    
Liziane Maciel Mufatto    
Camila Ducati    
Cloves Cabrera Jobim    
Tamara Taís Tres    

Resumen

This study aimed to evaluate the structural characteristics, dehydration curve, dry matter (DM) production, chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and occurrence of fungi in Bermuda grass hay (Cynodon dactylon cv. ´Bermuda grass´, Tifton 85) produced in winter under different forms of fertilization or in association with a winter annual legume. The experimental design used was a randomized block with split plots in time and with four treatments: Bermuda grass without fertilization or intercropping, Bermuda grass with nitrogen (N) chemical fertilizer (100 kg N ha-1year-1), Bermuda grass oversown with forage pea (Psium arvense cv. ´Iapar 83´), and Bermuda grass with the addition of 70 m3 ha-1 swine slurry. Three evaluation periods (cutting, baling and 30 days of storage) and five replicates were used. The dry matter yield of Bermuda grass without N was 2607 kg ha-1. The use of swine slurry increased the dry matter yield of Bermuda grass more than the use of the N chemical fertilizer (4864 and 3551 kg ha-1, respectively). In association with forage pea, a high total dry matter yield was obtained: 4261 kg ha-1 of pea and 2171 kg ha-1 of Bermuda grass. The dehydration time and final crude protein content of the Bermuda grass were higher in association with the legume. The levels of acid detergent-insoluble protein increased with storage. The in vitro DM digestibility reduced the cut to 30 days of storage in treatments with Bermuda grass without association with the legume. A higher occurrence of fungi occurred after 30 days of storage, with Penicillium generally predominant; however, Phoma was predominant in the hay produced from Bermuda grass grown with no N supplementation. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de la curva de características estructurales, la deshidratación, la materia seca (MS), la composición química, digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca y la aparición de hongos en heno de pasto Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon, cv. ?Tifton 85'), producido en invierno, bajo diferentes formas de fertilización o en asociación con una leguminosa anual de invierno. El diseño experimental utilizado fue de bloques al azar con parcelas divididas en el tiempo con 4cuatro tratamientos: Pasto Bermuda sin fertilización o consorcio, pasto Bermuda con fertilizante químico de nitrógeno (100 kg N ha- 1 año -1), pasto Bermuda en asociación con el legume (Pisium avarse ' Iapar 83'), y pasto Bermuda con la adición de 70 m3 de purines ha-1 durante tres periodos de evaluación (de corte, de balas y 30 días de almacenamiento), con cinco repeticiones. El rendimiento de materia seca de pasto Bermuda sin nitrógeno fue 2.607 kg ha-1. El uso de purines porcinos aumentó el rendimiento de materia seca de pasto Bermuda más que el uso del nitrógeno fertilizante químico (4864 y 3551 kg ha-1, respectivamente). Su asociación con la leguminosa, de alto rendimiento de materia seca total, obtuvo: 4.261 kg ha-1 de guisantes y 2.171 kg ha-1 de pasto Bermuda. El tiempo de deshidratación y de proteína cruda total del heno de pasto Bermuda fueron más altos en asociación con leguminosas. Los niveles de la proteína insoluble en detergente ácido aumentaron con el almacenamiento y la digestibilidad de la MS in vitro, reduciendo el corte a los 30 días de almacenamiento en los tratamientos con pasto Bermuda y sin asociación con leguminosas. La mayor incidencia de los hongos se produjo después de 30 días de almacenamiento, con un predominio de Penicillium, excepto en el heno de pasto Bermuda, en ausencia de nitrógeno, donde el género predominante fue Phoma.

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