ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Bioenergy production capacity in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina.

Sergio Montico    

Resumen

Bioenergy is a renewable source of primary energy and its sustainable use is an advantage to the current global energy crisis. The use of vegetable resources for energy purposes requires specifi c studies of the impacts that might occur to the economy and the environment. The province of Santa Fe (Argentina) has an agroproductive structure capable of providing biomass for its processing and production of energy. The objective of this work was to value the capacity of this province for bioenergy production from grains transformation into biofuels and the biomass energy from crop straw, and speculates on the impact on soils from removed crop residues. Crop residues of the ten most important grain and oilseed crops (15.2x106 Mg year-1) and bioethanol and biodiesel from soybeans and corn, would provide 295,383 TJ. The residues would provide potentially 72.1% (32.4x106 DB, 282.9 PJ or 45.6x1012 kcal) and biofuels 27.9%. The removal of residues for this purpose would have risky consequences for the sustainability of agricultural productivity, particularly on soil conservation and stability of production systems. There is a further exploration of alternative sources such as bioenergy crop plantations or shrub or tree species, rather than the use of crop residues.  La bioenergía es una fuente renovable de energía primaria y su uso sostenible representa una ventaja ante la actual crisis energética mundial. La utilización de recursos vegetales con fi nes energéticos requiere de estudios específi cos por los impactos que podrían ocasionarse a la economía y al ambiente. La provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina), posee una estructura agroproductiva capaz de proveer biomasa para su procesamiento y obtención de energía. Los residuos de cosecha de los diez cultivos de cereales y oleaginosas más importantes (15,2 x 106 Mg año-1) y el biodiesel y bioetanol de soja y maíz, suministrarían 295.383 TJ. Los residuos aportarían potencialmente el 72,1% (32,4 x 106 BP, 282,9 PJ o 45,6 x 1012 kcal) y los biocombustibles el 27,9%. La extracción de los residuos para tal fi n tendría consecuencias riesgosas para la sustentabilidad de la productividad agropecuaria, principalmente sobre la conservación de los suelos y la estabilidad de los sistemas de producción. Es muy importante explorar otras fuentes alternativas como cultivos bioenergéticos o plantaciones de especies arbustivas o arbóreas, antes que el uso de los residuos de cosecha.

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