ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Zanzibar

Elena S. Rotarou    

Resumen

ABSTRACT: During the last two decades, tourism on the islands of Zanzibar has experienced a tremendous increase. While the tourism industry brings a number of benefits to the economy ? mainly foreign exchange income and employment opportunities ? it has also been accused of causing a series of negative economic and social effects to the local communities, such as environmental degradation. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the main environmental impacts caused by tourism development on Zanzibar, through the investigation of various bibliographical sources and data available. It is argued that the main environmental impacts of tourism are environmental damage from hotel construction and management, misuse of water resources, deterioration of waste disposal and waste management systems, deforestation, coastal erosion, and loss of ecosystems. It should be noted that tourists per se are not the main cause behind environmental degradation on Zanzibar; a key role to that end is played by wealthy foreign investors that violate environmental policies and government officials whose corruption and complicity lead to lack of enforcement of environmental regulations. Key words: Tourism, environmental degradation, Zanzibar. RESUMEN: Durante las dos últimas décadas, el turismo en las islas de Zanzíbar ha experimentado un enorme aumento. Mientras que la industria del turismo aporta una serie de beneficios para la economía - principalmente ingresos de divisas y oportunidades de empleo - también ha sido acusado de causar una serie de efectos negativos económicos y sociales para las comunidades locales, tales como la degradación del medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar los principales impactos ambientales causados ??por el desarrollo del turismo en Zanzíbar, a través de la investigación de las diversas referencias bibliográficas y de datos disponibles. Se argumenta que los principales impactos ambientales del turismo son el daño ambiental de la construcción y administración de hoteles, el despilfarro de los recursos hídricos, el deterioro de los sistemas de la eliminación de basura y de gestión de residuos, la deforestación, la erosión costera y la pérdida de los ecosistemas. Cabe señalar que los turistas no son la causa principal de la degradación ambiental en Zanzíbar; ricos inversionistas extranjeros juegan un papel clave al violar las políticas ambientales, además funcionarios públicos cuya corrupción y complicidad conducen a la falta de aplicación de reglamentos ambientales. Palabras Clave: Turismo, degradación ambiental, Zanzibar.

Palabras claves

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