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Chi Zhang, Hanchen Miao, Zhongfang Lei, Tian Yuan, Zhenya Zhang, Ikko Ihara, Hideaki Maseda and Kazuya Shimizu
Antibiotic resistance genes can be spread via gene horizontal transfer (GHT). Chlorination and UV irradiation are common disinfection methods used in wastewater treatment plants before the discharge of treated wastewater. This study aimed to elucidate th...
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Sajeeve Latif, Mohammad A. Alim, Ataur Rahman and Md Mahmudul Haque
The supply of safe drinking water to rural communities has always been challenging, unlike in most large cities where government authorities have constructed central water supply systems. In many rural areas, primary water sources such as surface water a...
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Sriman Pankaj Boindala, G. Jaykrishnan and Avi Ostfeld
Water distribution systems (WDSs) require high-quality water for safe consumption. To achieve this, disinfectants such as chlorine are often added to the water in the system. However, it is important to regulate the levels of chlorine to ensure they fall...
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Haerul Hidayaturrahman, Hyuk Jun Kwon, Yumeng Bao, Shaik Gouse Peera and Tae Gwan Lee
In response to the finding of chironomid larvae in tap water, South Korea?s water treatment system has stepped up water quality monitoring. However, due to the challenging nature of larval behavior, effective elimination remains difficult despite the use...
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Hongjian Wu and Caetano C. Dorea
Free chlorination is a widely employed disinfection method in humanitarian water provision due to its many advantages. However, its effective application is hindered by the challenge in determining adequate initial doses to achieve free chlorine residual...
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