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Krzysztof Rutkowski and Grzegorz P. Lysiak
Increasingly, in orchards around the world that are planted one after another, disturbances are observed, and these issues with growth and development are called replantation disease. It is manifested mainly by poor tree growth after planting and poor ri...
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Baokuan Xu, Xiyan Liu, Xuejiao Song, Qifang Guo, Yongqi Yin, Chunqing Zhang and Yan Li
Seeds with high vigor have strong resistance to various adverse environmental conditions. However, little is known about how seed vigor affects the resistance of seeds to biotic stress. In this study, newly harvested seeds that had high vigor and seeds w...
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Adeoye-Agomoh Queen Chisom
Abstract The epidemiology of food borne disease is changing. New pathogens have emerged, and some have spread worldwide. The broad spectrum of food borne infections has changed dramatically over time, as well-established pathogens have been controll...
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Richard C. Cobb and Margaret R. Metz
The disease triangle is a basic and highly flexible tool used extensively in forest pathology. By linking host, pathogen, and environmental factors, the model provides etiological insights into disease emergence. Landscape ecology, as a field, focuses on...
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Matteo Garbelotto and Paolo Gonthier
The plant disease triangle (PDT) is as old as the field of modern plant pathology, and it postulates that any plant disease is the outcome of the interaction between a pathogen, a host, and the environment. Recently, the need has emerged to study not onl...
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