Resumen
A method has been developed to detect hazardous conditions of contaminated air in urban areas in real time for an arbitrary number of pollutants. The method is based on restoring the hidden dynamics of the combined risk of instantaneous action on the basis of the current measurements of the concentration of pollutants at the point of control. Other data on current conditions at the point of control are not used in the developed method. Therefore, the method, in contrast to known analogs, is universal and can be applied for arbitrary conditions and control points. At the same time, the restored dynamics of the level of the combined risk of instantaneous action makes it possible not only to identify dangerous conditions relating to contaminated atmospheric air but, on the basis of the current recurrence of combined risk levels, to assess the probability of detecting and predicting dangerous levels in the combined risk of instantaneous action in real time at the predefined point of control. Using the developed method at several control points in an arbitrary area would make it possible to determine the space-time distribution of the levels of the combined risk of instantaneous action of atmospheric pollution on the population within a territory. Experimental measurements of the concentration of formaldehyde, ammonia, and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere have been performed at the point of control within an industrial city with an air pollution level of 37 units on the AQC scale (USA). Based on the measurements, the method has been confirmed to be feasible. It was established that at the time of a credible dangerous event, the level of the combined risk of instantaneous action was approximately 10-3 with a single probability of this level. This level of the combined risk is about 105 times higher than the corresponding upper limit of permissible individual risk. It is shown that the maximum forecast time of the dangerous level of combined risk under the considered conditions does not exceed 18 hours