Inicio  /  Information  /  Vol: 11 Par: 2 (2020)  /  Artículo
ARTÍCULO
TITULO

k-Root-n: An Efficient Algorithm for Avoiding Short Term Double-Spending Alongside Distributed Ledger Technologies such as Blockchain

Zvi Schreiber    

Resumen

Blockchains such as the bitcoin blockchain depend on reaching a global consensus on the distributed ledger; therefore, they suffer from well-known scalability problems. This paper proposes an algorithm that avoids double-spending in the short term with just O(vn) messages instead of O(n); each node receiving money off-chain performs the due diligence of consulting kvn random nodes to check if any of them is aware of double-spending. Two nodes receiving double-spent money will in this way consult at least one common node with very high probability, because of the ?birthday paradox?, and any common honest node consulted will detect the fraud. Since the velocity of money in the real world has coins circulating through at most a few wallets per day, the size of the due diligence communication is small in the short term. This ?k-root-n? algorithm is suitable for an environment with synchronous or asynchronous (but with fairly low latency) communication and with Byzantine faults. The presented k-root-n algorithm should be practical to avoid double-spending with arbitrarily high probability, while feasibly coping with the throughput of all world commerce. It is resistant to Sybil attacks even beyond 50% of nodes. In the long term, the k-root-n algorithm is less efficient. Therefore, it should preferably be used as a complement, and not a replacement, to a global distributed ledger technology.

 Artículos similares

       
 
Rui Zhou and Xianghong Xu    
The significant increase in the speed of high-speed trains has made the optimization of pantograph?catenary parameters aimed at improving current collection quality become one of the key issues that urgently need to be addressed. In this paper, a method ... ver más
Revista: Applied Sciences

 
Yi?an Wang, Zhe Wu and Dong Ni    
Optimizing the heliostat field aiming strategy is crucial for maximizing thermal power production in solar power tower (SPT) plants while adhering to operational constraints. Although existing approaches can yield highly optimal solutions, their consider... ver más
Revista: Applied Sciences

 
Wenxiao Cao, Guoming Li, Hongfei Song, Boyu Quan and Zilu Liu    
Water control of grain has always been a crucial link in storage and transportation. The resistance method is considered an effective technique for quickly detecting moisture in grains, making it particularly valuable in practical applications at drying ... ver más
Revista: Applied Sciences

 
Zihao Zhu and Yonghua Xie    
Black soil plays an important role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem, promoting high-yield and efficient agricultural production, and conserving soil resources. In this paper, a typical black soil area of Keshan Farm in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Provin... ver más
Revista: Applied Sciences

 
Santiago Moreno-Carbonell and Eugenio F. Sánchez-Úbeda    
The Linear Hinges Model (LHM) is an efficient approach to flexible and robust one-dimensional curve fitting under stringent high-noise conditions. However, it was initially designed to run in a single-core processor, accessing the whole input dataset. Th... ver más
Revista: Algorithms