Inicio  /  Water  /  Vol: 15 Par: 14 (2023)  /  Artículo
ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Water Pollution Indexes Proposal for a High Andean River Using Multivariate Statistics: Case of Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Apurímac

Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco    
David Choque-Quispe    
Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez    
Aydeé M. Solano-Reynoso    
Yudith Choque-Quispe    
John Peter Aguirre Landa    
Henrry W. Agreda Cerna    
Henry Palomino-Rincón    
Fredy Taipe-Pardo    
Miluska M. Zamalloa-Puma    
Lourdes Magaly Zamalloa-Puma    
Edwin Mescco Cáceres    
Liliana A. Sumarriva-Bustinza and Katia Choque-Quispe    

Resumen

Pollution indexes are instruments that allow a quick interpretation of water quality, combining physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters to generate a numerical value. Our aim was to evaluate spatial and temporal-spatial water quality and propose a water pollution index (WPI) for high Andean rivers using multivariate statistics. Data on physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were collected from the river water of the Chumbao sub-basin during the rainy and dry seasons at eight sampling points. The laboratory and field analysis methods were developed following the methodology proposed by the APHA. Spearman?s correlation, cluster analysis, and discriminate analysis were applied to evaluate water quality?s spatial and temporal variation and principal component analysis/factor analysis to identify critical parameters to formulate the Water Pollution Index (WPI). The parameters with the most incidence in water quality were color, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical demand oxygen, ammonia, total phosphorus, lead, chromium, and thermotolerant coliforms. The inorganic pollution index (IPI) was obtained from conductivity, lead, and chromium, reporting pollution levels for the river water between ?none? to ?high?; and the organic pollution index (OPI) was obtained from dissolved oxygen, biochemical demand oxygen, ammonia, total phosphorus, color, and thermotolerant coliforms, with levels of ?low? to ?very high? pollution. The proposed pollution indexes are water management instruments that evaluate water quality.

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