Inicio  /  Future Internet  /  Vol: 14 Par: 8 (2022)  /  Artículo
ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Data-Driven Analysis of Outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation for 5G Mid-Band Operational Networks

Usman Ali    
Giuseppe Caso    
Luca De Nardis    
Konstantinos Kousias    
Mohammad Rajiullah    
Özgü Alay    
Marco Neri    
Anna Brunstrom and Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto    

Resumen

The successful rollout of fifth-generation (5G) networks requires a full understanding of the behavior of the propagation channel, taking into account the signal formats and the frequencies standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In the past, channel characterization for 5G has been addressed mainly based on the measurements performed on dedicated links in experimental setups. This paper presents a state-of-the-art contribution to the characterization of the outdoor-to-indoor radio channel in the 3.5 GHz band, based on experimental data for commercial, deployed 5G networks, collected during a large scale measurement campaign carried out in the city of Rome, Italy. The analysis presented in this work focuses on downlink, outdoor-to-indoor propagation for two operators adopting two different beamforming strategies, single wide-beam and multiple synchronization signal blocks (SSB) based beamforming; it is indeed the first contribution studying the impact of beamforming strategy in real 5G networks. The time and power-related channel characteristics, i.e., mean excess delay and Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread, path loss, and K-factor are studied for the two operators in multiple measurement locations. The analysis of time and power-related parameters is supported and extended by a correlation analysis between each pair of parameters. The results show that beamforming strategy has a marked impact on propagation. A single wide-beam transmission leads, in fact, to lower RMS delay spread and lower mean excess delay compared to a multiple SSB-based transmission strategy. In addition, the single wide-beam transmission system is characterized by a smaller path loss and a higher K-factor, suggesting that the adoption of a multiple SSB-based transmission strategy may have a negative impact on downlink performance.

 Artículos similares

       
 
Davide Fronzi, Gagan Narang, Alessandro Galdelli, Alessandro Pepi, Adriano Mancini and Alberto Tazioli    
Forecasting of water availability has become of increasing interest in recent decades, especially due to growing human pressure and climate change, affecting groundwater resources towards a perceivable depletion. Numerous research papers developed at var... ver más
Revista: Water

 
Igor Calzada    
This article investigates the intricate dynamics of data monopolies, referred to as ?data-opolies?, and their implications for democratic erosion. Data-opolies, typically embodied by large technology corporations, accumulate extensive datasets, affording... ver más

 
Alireza Alaei, Ying Wang, Vinh Bui and Bela Stantic    
Social media have been a valuable data source for studying people?s opinions, intentions, and behaviours. Such a data source incorporating advanced big data analysis methods, such as machine-operated emotion and sentiment analysis, will open unprecedente... ver más
Revista: Future Internet

 
Xuefeng Guan, Jingbo Li, Changlan Yang and Weiran Xing    
Driving analysis of urban expansion (DAUE) is usually implemented to identify the driving factors and their corresponding driving effects/mechanisms for the expansion processes of urban land, aiming to provide scientific guidance for urban planning and m... ver más

 
Wenchong Tian, Yuting Liu, Jun Xie, Weizhong Huang, Weihao Chen, Tao Tao and Kunlun Xin    
The accurate simulation of the dynamics of the anaerobic?anoxic?oxic (A2O) process in the biochemical reactions in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is important for system prediction and optimization. Previous studies have used real-time monitoring da... ver más
Revista: Water