Inicio  /  Water  /  Vol: 12 Par: 7 (2020)  /  Artículo
ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Consequences of Transport Low-Carbon Transitions and the Carbon, Land and Water Footprints of Different Fuel Options in The Netherlands

Winnie Gerbens-Leenes and Karlieke Holtz    

Resumen

Transport greenhouse gas emissions are mainly caused by the use of fossil fuels, e.g., gasoline and diesel. This case study for The Netherlands calculates how alternative fuels, e.g., electricity, hydrogen or biofuels, contribute to policy aims to decarbonize transport. Alternative fuels, produced in various ways, have different carbon (CF), land (LFs) and water footprints (WFs). This study assesses CFs, LFs and WFs for fuels (kgCO2e/m2/m3 per GJ), showing differences among fuels dependent on primary energy sources. It calculates CFs, LFs and WFs for four scenarios with different fuels. The biofuel scenario is not attractive. CFs slightly decrease, while LFs and WFs increase enormously. The electricity scenario has small CFs and the smallest LFs and WFs, but this is only when using wind or solar energy. If storage is needed and hydrogen is produced using wind energy, CFs double from 3055 to 7074 kg CO2e, LFs increase from 15 × 106 to 43 × 106 m2 and WFs from 3 × 106 to 37 × 106 m3 compared to the electricity scenario. The case study shows that wise fuel choices contribute to policy aims to decarbonize transport, although LFs and WFs are also important to consider. These case study results are relevant for sustainable transportation transitions worldwide.

 Artículos similares

       
 
Rudolf Vávra and Vít Jano?    
This article is focused on the reliability of transfer connections in regional railway transport. The reliability of the transportation chain in public transport is an essential element for functional, attractive, and long-term sustainable public transpo... ver más
Revista: Applied Sciences

 
Mitchel Langford, Andrew Price and Gary Higgs    
The UK, as elsewhere, has seen an accelerating trend of bank branch closures and reduced opening hours since the early 2000s. The reasons given by the banks are well rehearsed, but the impact assessments they provide to justify such programs and signpost... ver más

 
Juan Soria, Rebeca Pérez and Xavier Sòria-Pepinyà    
Coastal lagoons are an established priority habitat in the European environment because of the biological communities that inhabit them. Their origin is related to the transport of sediments from a nearby river or the movement of sands by the marine curr... ver más

 
Alba Matínez-López, Héctor Rubén Díaz Ojeda, Marcos Míguez González and África Marrero    
Fulfilment of the progressive environmental normative involves a singular challenge for Short Sea Shipping (SSS), since it must maintain its competitiveness versus other transport alternatives. For this reason, over the last decade SSS vessels have been ... ver más

 
Irina Makarova, Gulnara Yakupova, Polina Buyvol, Albert Abashev and Eduard Mukhametdinov    
The development of transport infrastructure is associated with risks, expressed in the likelihood of harm to the road users? health during road accidents and their consequences. The risk management process is aimed at reducing the influence of factors th... ver más
Revista: Infrastructures