Resumen
Leishmaniasis is a reemerging disease of worldwide distribution and has a public health importance. It is an infectious disease, parasitical and clinical severity ranging from a healthy appearance to a severe stage. Features two major forms, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis (cutaneous and mucocutaneous) and visceral leishmaniasis. This form can be deadly for reaching the organs. The four main protozoa that cause such clinical manifestations are Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania guyanensis. Environment, social and demographic factors are key for the transmission of leishmaniasis, due to its vector being a sand fly - insect with hematophagous habits - and its main reservoir are dogs. In Brazil, leishmaniasis is endemic and widely distributed. 80% of reported cases are in children under 10 years. The Legal Amazon region is an area of study of public health, having suffered anthropogenic actions that undermine the ecological balance of the site. In this area, visceral leishmaniasis is increasing in western Pará state due to its economic development, which involves the public health. This study aims to relate environmental and health factors with the incidence of leishmaniasis in the Legal Amazon and this relationship will be used secondary data from publications in the National Health Information System (NHIS).