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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Irrigation scheduling in the sugar beet by pan evaporation and the Penman-Monteith equation. Cien. Inv. Agr. (In English) 33(3):201-210.

Isaac Maldonado    
Celerino Quezada    
Lorenzo León    
Leonardo Márquez    

Resumen

During the 2002-2003 growing season, the irrigation scheduling of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was studied. With this objective, the irrigation was scheduled according to crop evapotranspiration by pan evaporation and the Penman-Monteih equation. These treatments were distributed by a completely randomized design with four replicates and individual experimental plots of 2 x 5 meter. The field experiments were undertaken at Monteblanco (36º28? S lat; 71º52´ W long, 190 m.o.s.l.), in the VIII Region of Chile. The soil moisture content was monitored. The root growth dynamics, root dry weight and canopy were determined, and the leaf area index (LAI) was estimated. At harvest, clean root yield and sucrose percentage were measured. No statistical difference was found between pan evaporation or the Penman-Monteith equation was found for vegetative parameters such as the root weight and canopy weight. The crop evapotranspiration for pan evaporation treatment was 460 mm and 565 mm for Penman-Monteith equation treatment. The Penman-Monteith equation treatment increased the crop evapotranspiration by about 22.3% over pan evaporation. The pan evaporation showed a good estimate of the crop evapotranspiration for irrigation scheduling in sugar beets. Durante la temporada 2002-2003, se estudió la programación del riego en remolacha azucarera (Beta vulgaris L.). Con este objetivo se programaron los riegos según la evapotranspiración del cultivo, determinada por evaporímetro de bandeja y según la ecuación de Penman-Montheith. El experimento de campo se realizó en Monteblanco (36º 28? lat. Sur; 71º 52? long. Oeste, 190 m.s.n.m.), VIII Región, Chile. Estos tratamientos se distribuyeron conforme con un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones y empleando como unidad experimental parcelas de 2 x 5 m. Se monitoreó el contenido de agua de suelo. Se determinó la dinámica de crecimiento de las raíces el peso seco radical y del follaje, y se estimó el índice de área foliar (IAF). A la cosecha se evaluó el rendimiento de raíces limpias y porcentaje de sacarosa. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre tratamientos evaporación de bandeja o ecuación de Penman-Monteith, respecto de los parámetros vegetativos evaluados como tampoco en el peso seco radical y peso del follaje. La evapotranspiración del cultivo por el método de evaporación de bandeja fue de 460 mm y por el modelo de Penman-Monteith de 565 mm. Por lo anterior, la ecuación de Penman-Monteith sobreestimó la evapotranspiración del cultivo en un 22,3% en relación al evaporímetro de bandeja. El método de evaporación de bandeja estimó en forma adecuada la evapotranspiración del cultivo para fines de programación de riego en remolacha azucarera.

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