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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Tillage effect and duration of prairies on the physical condition in Vertic Argiudol soil in Argentina.

M. S. Vilche    
C. Alzugaray    
S. Montico    

Resumen

Physical properties were studied in a Vertic Argiudol, Argentine, in pastures of 1.5, 2.5 and 4.5 years old after three years of cultivation with conventional (moulboard plough) and vertical (chisel plough) tillage systems. The prairies were formed with 12 kg of Medicago sativa L., 3 kg of Festuca arundinacea Schreb, 0.5 kg of Trifolium repens L. y 3 kg of Bromus unioloides Vahl. The crops were soybean (Glycine max Merr.), corn (Zea mays L.) y wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / soybean. The following properties were evaluated: size of aggregates, bulk density, textural bulk density, structural stability, Henin K percolation and total organic carbon, to the depth 0-20 cm. The porosity systems were calculated: total, structural and textural and the relationship among them was established. The physical edafic state was influenced by the duration of the praries and tillage systems. Principal components analysis was the most useful for evaluating the effect of management on the physical condition of soil.En la pampa ondulada (Argentina) se estudiaron las modificaciones en las propiedades físicas de un Argiudol Vértico originadas por el uso agrícola bajo los sistemas de labranza convencional y vertical, en sitios provenientes de praderas polifíticas de diferente duración. La experiencia se realizó durante el período 1995-1998 en pasturas de 1,5; 2,5 y 4,5 años de duración con una densidad de siembra de 12 kg de Medicago sativa, 3 kg de Festuca arundinacea, 0,5 kg de Trifolium repens y 3 kg de Bromus unioloides. Se evaluaron tamaño de agregados, densidad aparente, densidad aparente textural, índice S y K de Henin y carbono orgánico total, a la profundidad 0-20 cm. Se calculó el sistema de porosidad: total, estructural y textural y se relacionó el suelo en uso agrícola-ganadero con uno inalterado. El estado físico del suelo estuvo influenciado tanto por la edad de la pastura como por el sistema de laboreo empleado para su roturación. La caracterización del estado físico a partir de las variables consideradas permitió reconocer diferencias entre las situaciones planteadas. Componentes principales dentro de los análisis multivariado utilizados resultó satisfactorio para evaluar los efectos del manejo sobre la condición física del suelo.

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