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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Availability of phosphorus in an Andisol soil when using different sources and doses, in controlled conditions.

C. Bonomelli    
C. Henríquez    
L. Giral    
P. Bescansa    

Resumen

Phosphate is an essential element for plant nutrition, and therefore it is important to know the dynamics of sources of phosphorus (P) with different solubility in soils that naturally have low levels of available P and that fixate or adsorb the aggregated P. For that purpose four doses of P were applied (0, 300, 600 y 1200 mg.kg-1) to an Andisol soil type from the IX Region (Chile), employing fertilizers that differ in their solubility, triple superphosphate (TSP) and Rock phosphate (RF), and afterwards they were maintained in controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Available P ? (Olsen) was measured 1, 7, 14, 28 and 120 days after applications. The treatments that received TSP, showed a rapid increase in available P, followed by an initial rapid decrease on the first day and later by a slow steady decrease. When RF was applied the level of available P increase slowly in time, but never reaches the levels attained with TSP. The P adsorption after one day of applying TSP, was explained by a lineal regression, Available P=0.07xP applied + 0.64 (R2=0.99; P<0.001). Nevertheless the complete period adsorption was better explained by a logarithmic function. El fósforo es un elemento esencial en la nutrición de las plantas, por lo que es importante conocer el comportamiento de fuentes de P con distinta solubilidad en suelos que naturalmente tienen bajas cantidades de P disponible y fijan o adsorben el P agregado. Con este propósito a un suelo Andisol de la IX Región de Chile, se le aplicaron 4 dosis de P (0, 300, 600 y 1200 mg.kg-1) provenientes de dos fuentes fertilizan-tes de distinta solubilidad, Superfosfato Triple (SFT) y Roca fosfórica (RF) y se incubaron en condiciones controladas de temperatura y humedad. En todos los tratamientos se midió el P ? disponible (Olsen) en los días 1, 7, 14, 28 y 120. Los suelos que recibieron el SFT, presentaron un aumento rápido de P disponible, luego un descenso acelerado en los primeros días y después siguió disminuyendo lentamente. Al aplicar RF el nivel de P disponible fue aumentando en el tiempo lentamente sin alcanzar, durante todo el experimento, la disponibilidad de P lograda con SFT. La adsorción del P al primer día después de la aplicación de SFT, se explicó con una función lineal, P disponible = 0,07x P aplicado + 0,64 (R2=0,99; P<0,001). Sin embargo, el comportamiento de todo el período se describió con una curva logarítmica.

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