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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Long-term responses of magnesiumdeficient?Shamouti? orange trees to magnesium application.

Y. Erner    
S. Shapchiski    
M. Bazelet    
B. Artzi    
R. Lavon    

Resumen

The effects of Mg applications on leaf Mg and yield were studied in a ?Shamouti? orange (Citrus sinensis) grove which had exhibited low leaf-Mg concentrations over six years. Soil applications of magnesium chloride were applied with a 35-cm-wide band under the tree canopy or injected into the irrigation system for two successive years, while magnesium nitrate was applied annually as a foliar spray. The band application increased the leaf Mg concentration by 0.2% and raised it to the sufficiency range for three years. One foliar spray, applied annually from the third year onwards, in addition to a soil application, maintained Mg content of the leaves within the optimal range. Average yields and the yield in year six were greater with combined soil and foliar Mg applications than in the unfertilized controls. Once leaf Mg concentrations have fallen to deficiency levels, it takes a long time for the tree to recover, therefore, growers should not let tree Mg levels fall below the optimal range. En este trabajo se estudio el efecto de aplicaciones foliares de Mg sobre la concentración de este elemento en las hojas y sobre los rendimientos, en naranjos (Citrus sinensis) ?Shamouti?, históricamente con bajas concentraciones de magnesio foliar durante seis años. Con este propósito, aplicaciones de cloruro de magnesio al suelo se realizaron en bandas de 35 cm de ancho bajo el follaje del árbol o a través del sistema de riego por dos años consecutivos, mientras que nitrato de magnesio se aplicó anualmente como aspersión foliar. La aplicación de magnesio en banda aumentó la concentración foliar en un 0,2% y se mantuvo en un rango satisfactorio por tres años. Una aspersión foliar aplicada anualmente a partir del tercer año en adelante, además de aplicaciones en el suelo, mantuvieron el contenido de magnesio foliar dentro de un rango óptimo. La producción promedio y la producción en el sexto año fue mayor con una combinación de aplicaciones de magnesio en el suelo y foliar que en el control sin fertilizar. Una vez que las concentraciones del magnesio disminuyen a niveles deficitarios, el árbol requiere de un largo tiempo para recuperarse; por lo tanto, los productores deberían mantener los niveles magnesio dentro del rango óptimo.

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