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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Influence of different plants substrates on development and reproduction for laboratory rearing of Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Tania Zaviezo    
Elizabeth Cadena    
M. Fernanda Flores    
Jan Bergmann    

Resumen

The citrophilus mealybug, Pseudococcus calceolariae, is a polyphagous pest that has a major impact on fruit crops in central Chile, and is of quarantine importance for many markets. To study many control alternatives, it is important to develop efficient rearing protocols. The objective of this work was to determine mealybug development on three different plant substrates: sprouted potatoes, lemon fruits and Butternut squash. Insects were inoculated on the substrates, maintained at 25°C and in total darkness until completing their development. Every one to 4 days, advancement on the development was checked by counting the exuvia. Mean developmental time for each stage, adult longevity, fecundity and fertility were determined. Preimaginal developmental time was similar for females and males, but it differed among plant substrates. For females, preimaginal development was about nine days shorter on potatoes, as compared to butternut squash or lemons, and for males about 12 days longer in squash than on the other two substrates. The preoviposition period was significantly longer in squash and consequently, a longer generational time resulted. Female adult longevity was similar in all substrates, around 31 days, and for males it was 6 days in potatoes and lemons and 4 days on squash. Female fecundity was similar in potatoes and squash, and lower on lemons. Egg fertility was significantly higher on potatoes. Parthenogenetic reproduction was not observed. Therefore, the three substrates were adequate for rearing P. calceolariae, but the shortest developmental time and highest fecundity and fertility were obtained on sprouted potatoes. El chanchito blanco citrófilo, Pseudococcus calceolariae, es una plaga polífaga de gran impacto en frutales en Chile, y además tienen importancia cuarentenaria en mercados de destino. Para estudiar alternativas de control es importante contar con métodos de crianza eficientes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el desarrollo de Pseudococcus calceolariae en tres sustratos: papas etioladas, frutos de limón y zapallo Butternut. Los insectos fueron inoculados en los sustratos y mantenidos a 25°C en oscuridad hasta completar su desarrollo. El avance en el desarrollo poblacional fue medido contando los exuvios cada uno a cuatro días. Se determinó el tiempo de desarrollo promedio para cada estado, longevidad de adultos, fertilidad y fecundidad de hembras. El tiempo de desarrollo preimaginal fue similar para hembras y machos, pero difirió entre sustratos. En hembras el desarrollo preimaginal fue nueve días menos en papas en comparación con zapallos y limones. En machos fue 12 días más en zapallos que en los otros sustratos. El período de preoviposición y tiempo generacional fue más largo en zapallos. La longevidad de hembras adultas fue similar en los sustratos, cerca de 31 días, pero para machos fue de seis días en papas y limones y cuatro en zapallo. La fecundidad de las hembras fue mayor en papas y zapallos que en limones. no se observó reproducción por partenogénesis. Por lo tanto, los tres sustratos probados son adecuados para criar P. calceolariae, pero en papas etioladas se obtienen los tiempos generacionales más cortos y la mayor fecundidad y fertilidad de hembras.

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