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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Structural Equation Modeling of lifestyles and consumer attitudes towards organic food by income: a Spanish case study

Raquel Olivas    
Mónica Díaz    
Rodolfo Bernabéu    

Resumen

The organic food consumer in Spain is particularly conditioned by the premium prices of these foods and by their lack of availability in shops relative to conventional substitutes. In relation to the first determinant, several studies have revealed a direct relationship between maximum willingness to pay for these foods and consumer income. However, little is known about the influence of consumer attitudes, in relation to lifestyle, on these decisions. To address this issue, face-to-face surveys were conducted with 420 organic food consumers in the Madrid metropolitan area in December of 2006. The results were obtained by structural equation analysis, which includes a model for low income (?2/df =2.37 p<0.01, CFI =0.866) as well as high income (?2/df =1.93 p <0.01, CFI= 0.831) consumers. These individuals suggested that organic food consumption is clearly related to a healthy diet, respect for the environment and consumer sociability. Nevertheless, it must be noted that low-income consumers are more concerned about eating a healthy diet than those with higher incomes. In conclusion, the basic commercial strategy for increasing organic food consumption in Spain is tied to promoting production, favoring distribution and  timulating the competitiveness of organic food enterprises. The object is to lower its price difference with conventional food so price does not constitute an entrance barrier to this market for low income consumers.  El consumidor de alimentos orgánicos en España está especialmente condicionado por el alto precio de estos alimentos en comparación con sus sustitutos convencionales y por su falta de disponibilidad en las tiendas. En relación con el primer determinante, varios trabajos han puesto de manifiesto la relación directa que existe entre la máxima disposición al pago por estos alimentos y los ingresos de los consumidores. Pero poco se sabe acerca de la influencia de las actitudes de los consumidores, derivadas de sus estilos de vida. Para solucionar este problema, se realizaron 420 entrevistas personales a los consumidores de alimentos en el área metropolitana de Madrid en diciembre de 2006. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, que se pueden considerar aceptables, tanto en el modelo de bajos ingresos (?2/df =2.37 p<0,01, CFI =0,866) como en el de altos ingresos (?2/df =1,93 p <0,01, CFI= 0,831), sugieren que el consumo de alimentos orgánicos está claramente relacionado con una dieta saludable, respeto por el medio ambiente y la sociabilidad de los consumidores. Sin embargo, es preciso señalar que son los consumidores con renta baja los más preocupados por seguir una dieta saludable que los de renta alta. En conclusión, la estrategia comercial básica para aumentar el consumo de alimentos ecológicos en España debería basarse en promocionar la producción, favoreciendo la distribución y estimulando la competitividad de las empresas de alimentos orgánicos, para que el precio no constituya una barrera de entrada a este mercado para los consumidores de bajos ingresos.

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