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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Efficacy of chemical and biological strategies for controlling the soybean brown spot (Septoria glycines). Cien. Inv. Agr. 35(2):211-214.

Jorge D. Mantecón    

Resumen

Soybean (Glycine max) is currently the most widely grown and rapidly expanding crop in Argentina, and brown spot caused by Septoria glycinesis a major foliage disease that affects this crop. Trials in the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons were undertaken using soybean (Glycine max) cv. Nidera A4800 RR. A randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Two biological fungicides, based on Bacillus subtilis or B. pumilus, and four conventional fungicides, pyraclostrobin in combination with epoxiconazole (Opera 25 SC, BASF Argentina), azoxystrobin (Amistar 25 SC, Syngenta Argentina), trifloxystrobin in combination with cyproconazole (Sphere 267,5 EC, Bayer, Argentina), and tebuconazole (Folicur 25 EC, Bayer, Argentina), were evaluated. Fungicides were applied at the R3 stage of soybean development. The effectiveness of the fungicide was determined by measuring disease incidence and severity. High doses of biological fungicides and all chemical treatments reduced the incidence of disease compared to the untreated control, but only Bacillus subtilis QST 713 at a high dose showed a similar efficacy for reducing disease severity. The best results for reducing disease incidence and severity were obtained with the strobilurin fungicides pyraclostrobin plus epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin plus cyproconazole, and azoxystrobin. The best yields were obtained with chemical and biological treatments at high doses applied at R3; these treatments appeared to have a direct relationship with reduced development of foliar symptoms. El cultivo de soja (Glycine max) se ha expandido ampliamente y su superficie ha crecido rápidamente en Argentina siendo la mancha marrón, causada por Septoria glycines la enfermedad más comúnmente encontrada afectando este cultivo. Se realizaron ensayos durante las temporadas 2005 y 2006 con el cultivar de soja Nidera A4800 RR. El diseño utilizado fue en bloques completos aleatorizados con cuatro repeticiones.Durante el desarrollo de los ensayos fueron evaluados dos fungicidas biológicos basados en Bacillus subtilis y B. pumilus, y cuatro fungicidas químicos, pyraclostrobin en mezcla con epoxiconazole (Opera 25 SC, BASF Argentina), azoxystrobin (Amistar 25 SC, Syngenta Argentina), trifloxystrobin en mezcla con cyproconazole (Sphere 267,5 EC, Bayer, Argentina), y tebuconazole (Folicur 25 EC, Bayer, Argentina). Los fungicidas fueron pulverizados sobre las parcelas en el estadío R3 del cultivo. La efectividad de los fungicidas fue determinada en función de la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad. La mayores dosis evaluadas de los fungicidas biológicos y todos los fungicidas químicos redujeron la incidencia de la enfermedad en comparación con el testigo sin pulverizar, pero sólo B. subtilis QST 713 en la mayor dosis mostró eficacia similar a los fungicidas químicos en reducir la severidad la enfermedad. Los mejores resultados para reducir la incidencia y severidad de los síntomas foliares se obtuvieron con los fungicidas estrobirulinas pyraclostrobin más epoxiconazole, trifloxystrobin más cyproconazole y azoxystrobin. Los mejores rendimientos se observaron con los fungicidas químicos y altas dosis de biológicos, pulverizados en R3, dado que estos tratamientos mostraron una relación directa en reducir el desarrollo de los síntomas foliares de la enfermedad.

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