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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

The influence of organic fertilizers on the chemical properties of soil and the production of Alpinia purpurata

María I. Saldaña y Hernández    
Regino Gómez-Álvarez    
María del C. Rivera-Cruz    
José D. Álvarez-Solís    
Juan M. Pat-Fernández    
Carlos F. Ortiz-García    

Resumen

Organic fertilizers are an important contribution of organic matter that modify the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil. To determine the impact of solid and liquid fertilizers on Alpinia purpurata, the nutritional characteristics of the soil and the responses of the plants were evaluated at 40 and 365 days in Medellín and Madero and Ignacio Allende, Tabasco, Mexico. The treatments were compost, vermicompost, fermented manure, Bokashi, liquid humus (6 Mg·ha-1 and 60 L·ha-1), chemical fertilizer (150-50-250) and the control. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with three replications for each treatment. The experimental unit was a stump with stems of A. purpurata. For the soil, the concentrations of organic C, total N, available P and exchangeable K were determined. For the foliage, N, P and K contents were determined. For the stump, the number of stems, the commercial and the noncommercial biomass were determined. For the stem, length, diameter, flower diameter and flower length were determined. Fertilized soils had an increase in C (40%), N (47%), P (83%) and K (56%) after 40 days. One year after the addition of fertilizers, the soils maintained acceptable nutritional levels for production. The Bokashi fertilizer increased the concentration of P (9.5%) and K (8.3%) in the foliage of plants from Medellín and Madero. Liquid humus increased N (16%) in the foliage from Ignacio Allende. When fertilized with fermented manure and compost, the plants increased the number of stems (35.3%), total biomass (35.5%), stem length (19.2%), stem diameter (16%), flower diameter (9.5%), and flower length (12.3%).  Los abonos orgánicos aportan cantidades importantes de materia orgánica que modifica las características físicas, químicas y microbiológicas del suelo. Para conocer el impacto de los abonos sólidos y líquidos en A. purpurata, se evaluaron las principales características químicas del suelo y la respuesta de la planta a 40 y 365 días en Medellín y Madero e Ignacio Allende, Tabasco, México. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron Composta, Vermicomposta, Estiércol Fermentado, Bocashi y Humus líquido (6 Mg·ha-1 y 60 L·ha-1), Fertilizante Químico (150-50-250) y un Testigo absoluto, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones. La unidad experimental fue una cepa. Del suelo se determinó: concentración de C orgánico, N total, P disponible y K intercambiable; en follaje: N, P y K; por cepa: número de tallos y biomasa comercial y no comercial; por tallo: longitud y diámetro; diámetro y longitud de la flor. Los suelos abonados mostraron a los 40 días incrementos de C (40%), N (47%), P (83%) y K (56%), un año después de adicionados los abonos los suelos mantuvieron niveles aceptables de fertilidad para la producción. El Bocashi aumentó la concentración de P (9,5%) y K (8,3%) en el follaje de las plantas en Medellín y Madero. El Humus Líquido aumentó el N foliar (16%) en Ignacio Allende. Las plantas abonadas con Estiércol Fermentado y Composta mejoraron la producción de número de tallos (35,3%), biomasa total (35,5%), longitud de tallo (19,2%), diámetro del tallo (16%), diámetro de la flor (9,5%), longitud de la flor (12,3%).

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