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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Interaction of two simulation models for the evaluation of sheep production systems in the Mediterranean-type Region of Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. (in English) 33(1):41-49.

G. Castellaro    
G. Gompertz    
C. Aguilar    
R. Vera Vera    
R. Allende    

Resumen

Sheep production on the Mediterranean dry climate lands of Chile is characterized by its seasonality and extensive production system, with low use of purchased external productive inputs. The prevailing market conditions have determined an increasing tendency towards the use of specialized meat breeds. The production systems are strongly influenced by agroclimatic characteristics and by continuous need of management and profitability improvement. A simulation model was developed to assist decision-making be used as a tool for supporting management decision-making that and to allows the evaluation of different production alternatives. The model considers three components: i) soil water balance, considering the water available to be used by herbaceous strata in the first 40 cm of soil; ii) grassland?s growth and senescence, where the potential and real growth of the herbaceous strata is determined by the effect of climatic variables, availability of photosynthetic materials and soil humidity; and iii) animal intake and live weight changes, which determines the real dry matter intake with or without the use of supplements and its relation to lamb?s live weight changes. The interrelation between animal performance and forage growth was built taking into account the effect of grazing and animal stocking rate over forage growth. The model was validated comparing data obtained by simulation with experimental data, achieving a good prediction (p < 0.05). La producción ovina en el secano mediterráneo de Chile se caracteriza por su estacionalidad y por sistemas productivos extensivos, con bajo uso de insumos productivos. Los sistemas productivos están influenciados por la continua necesidad de mejorar la gestión y rentabilidad en este negocio y por características agroclimatológicas. Se observa una tendencia hacia el uso de razas carniceras debido a las condiciones de mercado. Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación como herramienta de apoyo a la toma de decisiones de manejo, que permitió evaluar diferentes alternativas productivas. El modelo consideró los siguientes componentes: i) balance hídrico, que consideró el agua disponible para ser utilizada por la estrato herbáceo en los primeros 40 cm. de suelo; ii) crecimiento y senescencia de la pradera, donde se determinó el crecimiento potencial y real de la estrato herbáceo de acuerdo a variables climáticas, disponibilidad de material fotosintético y humedad del suelo; iii) consumo y ganancia de peso, que determinó el consumo real de materia seca y la ganancia de peso de los corderos, con o sin uso de suplementos. La interrelación entre el comportamiento animal y crecimiento del forraje se realizó considerando el efecto del pastoreo y la carga animal sobre el crecimiento de éste. El modelo se validó contrastando los datos simulados con datos experimentales, lográndose una buena predicción (p < 0,05).

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