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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Identification and characterization of an original grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera) found in Chile

Alvaro S. Gonzalez    
Franco Massera    
Daniel Moscoso    
Patricio Hinrichsen    
Gloria Montenegro    
Valerie Laucou    
Thierry Lacombe    
Jean-Michel Boursiquot    
Philippo Pszczólkowski    

Resumen

Currently, many monovarietal vineyards present a minority of mixed cultivars. Some of these cultivars are unknown and could represent an opportunity to discover new and potentially useful genotypes both for research and production purposes. In a ?Carmenère? vineyard planted in 1994 in Palmilla (Colchagua Valley, Chile), a minority presence of other cultivars was found. The present work covers for the first time the identification and characterization of one of these cultivars, which presented a very poor fruit set. Through classic ampelography, it was not possible to associate the studied cultivar with any known cultivar in Chile. However, through a simple sequence repeats (SSR) comparison against the database of the INRA Germplasm Repository ?Domaine de Vassal? in France, the cultivar was identified as a triploid accession named ?Folle Blanche Faux? (Vitis vinifera L.) that was previously found in Chile during the season of 1950-1951. This cultivar presents earlier bud breaking than ?Carmenère?, has morphologically complete flowers, and shows a physiological disorder around the fruit set, leading to partial or complete bunch necrosis under the environmental conditions of Palmilla. This cultivar contributes to the genotypic richness present in Chile and might be an interesting tool for physiological and molecular studies. It also could become productive under other environmental conditions (i.e., environmental conditions that favor a good fruit set) or by the application of adequate vineyard practices, such as cane girdling at bloom time. Actualmente, muchos viñedos monovarietales presentan mezclas de otros cultivares en proporciones menores. Algunos de estos cultivares son desconocidos y podrían representar una oportunidad para descubrir genotipos nuevos y potencialmente útiles en investigación y/o producción. En un viñedo cv. ?Carmenère?, plantado en 1994 en la comuna de Palmilla (Valle de Colchagua, Chile), se determinó la presencia minoritaria de otros cultivares. El presente trabajo cubre por primera vez la identificación y caracterización de uno de estos cultivares, el cual presentó una muy pobre fructificación. A través de ampelografía clásica, no fue posible asociar el cultivar en estudio a ningún cultivar conocido en Chile. Sin embargo, a través de una comparación de marcadores moleculares microsatélites con la base de datos del Repositorio de Germoplasma de Vid del INRA ?Domaine de Vassal? en Francia, fue identificado como un acceso triploide llamado ?Folle Blanche Faux? (Vitis vinifera L.), el cual había sido descubierto en Chile previamente durante la temporada 1950-1951. Este cultivar presenta una brotación más precoz que la del cv. ?Carmenère?, posee flores morfológicamente completas y muestra un notorio desorden fisiológico en su fructificación, el cual se manifiesta a través de una necrosis de racimo parcial o completa, bajo las condiciones ambientales de Palmilla. Este cultivar contribuye a la riqueza genotípica presente en Chile y eventualmente podría llegar a ser una herramienta interesante para estudios fisiológicos y moleculares. Adicionalmente, podría volverse productiva bajo otras condiciones ambientales (i.e. condiciones ambientales que favorezcan una buena cuaja frutal) o por la aplicación de prácticas vitícolas adecuadas, como el anillamiento de cargadores durante la floración.

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