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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Pathogen control using a natural Chilean bee pollen extract of known botanical origin. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):223-230.

Carol Cabrera    
Gloria Montenegro    

Resumen

Bee pollen is a product from beehives that is contained in corbiculae, generally monospecific and is currently considered as a functional food due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of a Chilean bee pollen extract of known botanical origin. The botanical origin of the pollen was determined by palynological analysis, and then an aqueous extract was prepared. The antibacterial properties of the extract were evaluated on human infectious agents (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) using a qualitative method (agar diffusion) and a quantitative method (minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentration) and on agricultural pathogens (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum) using the poisoned food technique. The bee pollen (60% of Azara petiolaris) is considered native, endemic and monofloral. The E. coli and P. aeruginosa became resistant to the extract, while S. aureus and S. pyogenes were sensitive. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these bacteria were 82.4 mg mL-1 for E. coli, 41.2 mg mL-1 for P. aeruginosa, and 20.6 mg mL-1 for S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Additionally, the extract did not have a complete inhibitory effect on the fungi, but it caused delayed growth in comparison to the control. The development of an aqueous extract from native and endemic bee pollen with antimicrobial properties creates the potential for future research and development of new Chilean natural products, favoring the development of national apiculture.El polen apícola es un producto de la colmena compuesto por corbículas, generalmente monoespecíficas y, debido a sus propiedades nutricionales y medicinales, hoy en día es considerado un alimento funcional. En la presente investigación se estudió la actividad antimicrobiana de un extracto de polen apícola chileno, de origen botánico conocido. Se determinó mediante análisis palinológico el origen botánico del polen y luego se preparó un extracto acuoso. La efectividad del extracto se evaluó en el control de bacterias humanas (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus pyogenes), mediante un método cualitativo (difusión en agar) y otro cuantitativo (mínima concentración inhibitoria y bactericida) y sobre patógenos del agro (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea y Fusarium oxysporum), mediante el método del alimento envenenado. El polen apícola resultó ser monofloral (60% de Azara petiolaris), nativo y endémico. Las bacterias E. coli y P. aeruginosa resultaron ser resistentes al extracto, mientras que S. aureus y S. pyogenes fueron sensibles. Además, la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MCI), para E. coli fue de 82,4 mg mL-1, 41,2 mg mL-1 para P. aeruginosa y 20,6 mg mL-1 para S. aureus y S. pyogenes. Además, se determinó que el extracto no tuvo un efecto inhibitorio completo sobre los hongos, pero sí retardó su crecimiento, con respecto al control. El desarrollo de un extracto acuoso de polen apícola nativo y endémico, con propiedades antimicrobianas, abre una puerta a futuras investigaciones y desarrollo de nuevos productos, favoreciendo así la apicultura nacional.

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