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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Chemical composition of corn and sorghum grains cultivated in Oxisol according to different application methods and doses of zinc. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):97-108.

Aline P. Puga    
Renato de Mello Prado    
Ben-Hur Mattiuz    
Diego Wyllyam do Vale    
Ivana M. Fonseca    

Resumen

In general, tropical soils present low concentrations of zinc (Zn), and the deficiency of Zn is recognized as a world nutritional problem for cereal production and human beings. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess the effects of different methods of Zn application on the quality of corn and sorghum grains grown in Oxisol. Two experiments were set up in the experimental area of UNESP (campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil). The following nine treatments were applied: three doses of Zn by banded application (seed furrows), three doses of Zn by incorporation into soil (0-20 cm depth), foliar application, seed application, and control (no Zn applied). The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks with four replicates. The contents of Zn, carbohydrates and proteins were determined for corn and sorghum grains. Regardless of the method, Zn application promoted higher contents of this micronutrient in corn and sorghum grains. The banded application method of Zn in soil promoted greater contents of total carbohydrates, starch and protein in both cultures. The incorporation of Zn into the soil method provided higher contents of soluble carbohydrates in both corn and sorghum grains.Los suelos tropicales, en general, tienen una baja concentración de zinc (Zn), y la deficiencia de este micronutriente es reconocida como un problema nutricional mundial para la producción de cereales y para los seres humanos. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de diferentes métodos de aplicación de Zn sobre la calidad del grano de maíz y sorgo. Para esto, se realizaron dos experimentos en el área experimental de FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brasil. Se aplicaron nueve tratamientos: tres dosis de Zn aplicadas en forma localizada en los surcos de las semillas, tres dosis de Zn aplicadas en forma incorporada al suelo (0-20 cm de profundidad), una dosis aplicada en forma foliar, y el tratamiento control (sin aplicación de Zn); dispuestos en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables medidas fueron: contenido de Zn, proteínas y carbohidratos en los granos de maíz y sorgo. La adición de Zn, independientemente del modo, promovió mayores niveles de este micronutriente en los granos de maíz y sorgo. El modo de aplicación de Zn en el suelo de una forma localizada mostró mayores niveles de carbohidratos, almidón y proteína en las semillas de ambos cultivos. La aplicación de Zn en el suelo de modo incorporado resultó en altos niveles de carbohidratos solubles en los granos de maíz y sorgo.

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