Resumen
This paper deals with optimal charging versus aging minimization for lithium-ion batteries. The optimal charging strategy proposed involves charging controllers whose design relies on a battery model. The model, especially designed for automotive battery management systems applications, is recalled in this paper. It provides the voltage response of a cell to an input current. It also models side reactions that produce degradation mechanisms and thus decrease battery performance. Side reaction modelling involves taking into account the temperature cell variations, which are thus also modelled. The association of the three above-mentioned sub-models leads to an electro-thermal battery aging model used to design an optimal charging strategy that simultaneously takes into account the minimization of charging time and maximization of battery lifetime. Thus, to achieve a charging controller that manages battery health, an appropriate charging trajectory was computed by solving an optimization problem minimizing aging. Then, a charge control loop was designed. The nonlinear behavior of the battery was taken into account through the linearization of the electro-thermal aging model in different operating conditions. To take into account the resulting linear model family, the CRONE design methodology was used. The principles of this methodology are recapped and the design of the charging control loop is explained. The efficiency of the resulting charge controller is illustrated by several simulations.