Resumen
Agaricus bisporus is widely cultivated worldwide due to its considerable economic benefits. The increasingly prominent contradiction between production and labor shortage necessitates the urgent replacement of human workers with intelligent picking technology and equipment. Therefore, a pressure-stabilized flexible end-effector was designed to achieve the rapid and low-loss picking of Agaricus bisporus. The dimensions of the end-effector were determined by measuring the external parameters of Agaricus bisporus. A mechanics model of the end-effector was constructed to analyze the picking process theoretically, and the pre-experiments identified the key performance factors of the end-effector: the thickness of the flexible membrane, the particle filler material, and the pressure stability. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the factors mentioned above concerning the performance of the end-effector. The results show that the adsorption effect is best when the thickness of the flexible membrane is 0.9 mm, and the particle diameter is 200 mesh quartz. To control the adsorption force of the end-effector accurately during the picking process, a low-cost adsorption force-adjustment system was designed, and the stability of the system was verified. The experimental results showed that the device improved the stability of the adsorption force during the operation of the picking system by 84.71%. An experiment was conducted on the picking of Agaricus bisporus using the designed end-effector. The success rate of picking with the end-effector was 98.50%, and the picking damage rate was 2.50%.