Resumen
The application of palm kernel shell (PKS) as current solid fuel for combustion process produce some pollutants to the environment such as sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide. Therefore, the high concentrated pollution can be overcome by reducing or removing certain elements such as sulphur and nitrogen from the composition of PKS. In present, leaching process is a pre-treatment that widely applied in industry to reduce the elements. However, it would take certain time for the immersion. This research investigates the effectiveness of prepares solution in removing or and reducing the targeted elements from the original linkages of lignocellulosic compounds. In order to achieve this objective, the modified-PKS was prepared by impregnating the raw PKS into different preparation conditions such as acidic solution, alkaline solution, methanol and distilled water. The acidic and alkaline solution were prepared using nitric acid (HNO3) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, respectively. The successful of the impregnation process is confirmed by conducting several analysis including ashes, moisture content, and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) to analyse the morphological, physicals and structural of PKS. Result obtained through this study has revealed that methanol solution is the best condition in removing sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) from the raw PKS that will bring to the production of low SOX and NOX.