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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Animal protein and lysine balance in the Chilean diet.

M. Gandarillas    
F. Bas    
A. Hargreaves    

Resumen

A balance between supply and demand of animal protein in Chile and particularly of the essential amino acid lysine was the main objective of this study. A preliminary study was conducted to determine human requirements of protein and essential amino acids for the Chilean population. Protein and lysine requirements were met according to official data for Chile. A more thorough investigation was carried out to determine the availability of animal protein among different social economic status (quintiles). Animal protein availability in the lowest income quintile does not cover the protein and lysine requirements according to data from the V Survey of Income and Expenses (1997). The second quintile closely satisfies the requirements and therefore, are in a state of nutritional vulnerability. Finally, the minimal recommended quantity of protein for any healthy individual must come from animal sources in at least 50%. Such a recommendation is based upon the better digestibility of animal proteins and because they contribute with almost all the nutritional needs for essential amino acids. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un balance entre oferta y demanda tanto de proteína como de lisina, con el fin de establecer si existe déficit y/o superávit de cada una de éstas. En primera instancia se revisaron los requerimientos nutricionales de proteína y de aminoácidos esenciales para la población humana. A partir de la información disponible en el país se concluyó que la disponibilidad per cápita (promedio) es suficiente para la población chilena. Sin embargo, para verificar si era la adecuada por estrato socio-económico, se tomaron los datos de la V Encuesta de Ingreso y Gasto realizada el año 1997. A partir de los cálculos realizados, se deduce que en el quintil I, segmento de más bajos ingresos, no cubren satisfactoriamente sus necesidades de proteína y de lisina. El quintil II los satisface estrechamente y por esto se encuentra en estado de vulnerabilidad nutricional. Por último, para cualquier individuo sano, la cantidad de proteína que ingiera debiera estar conformada en un 50% por proteína de origen animal, puesto que éstas son más digestibles y aportan en forma concentrada todos los aminoácidos esenciales y particularmente lisina.

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