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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Growth, yield and iron deficiency tolerance level of six peach rootstocks grown on calcareous soil

Carlos Sotomayor    
Rafael Ruiz    
Jorge Castro    

Resumen

Iron deficiency is a major problem that affects many fruit crops grown on calcareous soils. A four-year study was conducted to evaluate the effect of calcareous soils on the vegetative growth and productivity of six peach rootstocks (Nemaguard, Atlas, MRS 2/5, Cadaman, GF 677 and GxN15) grafted with ?Ruby Diamond? nectarines. Trees were planted in 100 L containers filled with a sandy loam textured, calcareous soil (6.3% active calcium carbonate) with a pH of 8.0 and an intermediate level of available iron (5 mg kg-1 of Fe+2). The trunk diameter during the 4th growing season was larger in GF 677, GN 15, Cadaman and Atlas, whereas Nemaguard and MRS 2/5 showed smaller average values. Cadaman and Atlas presented the highest pruning weight (a measure of vegetative growth), GxN 15 and GF 677 were intermediate, and Nemaguard and MRS 2/5 exhibited the lowest weight. In the fourth year, yield per tree was higher in Atlas and Cadaman, while Nemaguard had the lowest yield. MRS 2/5 and GxN 15 had the highest individual fruit weights, particularly when compared with Cadaman. Regarding leaf chlorosis, the most severe symptoms were exhibited by Nemaguard (12.3 mg kg-1 of active iron), with mild symptoms in Atlas and slight to no symptoms in Cadaman, MRS 2/5 and GxN 15. Leaf chlorosis was not observed in GF 677 (26.4 mg kg-1 of active iron). All rootstocks, especially GF 677, showed better performance than Nemaguard with respect to chlorophyll measurements of the leaves obtained through the SPAD technique.La deficiencia de hierro es un problema mayor que afecta a muchos cultivos frutales en suelos calcáreos. Se realizó un estudio durante cuatro años para evaluar el efecto de suelos calcáreos en el comportamiento vegetativo y productivo de seis portainjertos de duraznero (Nemaguard, Atlas, MRS 2/5, Cadaman, GF 677 y G×N 15) injertados con el nectarino Ruby Diamond. Los árboles fueron plantados en contenedores de 100 L conteniendo un suelo franco-arenoso y calcáreo (6,3% de carbonato de calcio activo), con pH 8,0 y un nivel medio de hierro aprovechable (5 mg kg-1 de Fe+2). El diámetro de tronco a la cuarta temporada y final de este estudio fue mayor en GF 677, G×N 15, Cadaman y Atlas mientras que Nemaguard y MRS 2/5 mostraron diámetros promedio menores. Con respecto al peso de la poda (una medida del crecimiento vegetativo) Cadaman y Atlas presentaron los pesos mayores, G×N 15 y GF 677 fueron intermedios, mientras que MRS 2/5 y Nemaguard lograron los menores. Al cuarto año la producción por planta fue mayor en Atlas y Cadaman, mientras que en Nemaguard fue la más baja. En cuanto a peso individual de fruto, MRS 2/5 y G×N 15 alcanzaron la cifra mayor, particularmente comparado con Cadaman. Respecto a la deficiencia de hierro (clorosis férrica), los síntomas más severos los mostró Nemaguard (12 mg kg-1 de Fe+2). No se desarrolló clorosis en GF 677, hubo ligera clorosis en Atlas y leve a ninguna en los otros portainjertos. Todos los portainjertos, especialmente GF 677, mostraron una mejor respuesta que Nemaguard en las mediciones de clorofila a través de la técnica SPAD.

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