Resumen
Nowadays, besides safety issues, environmental protection is the main issue to be considered during the aircraft operations. Recorded total CO2 aviation emissions are approximately 2% of the Global Greenhouse Emissions with the approximated expected growth around 3-4% per year. Therefore, variety of standards and recommending practices have been developed to address aircraft noise and engine emissions embracing technological improvements, operating procedures, proper organization of air traffic, appropriate airport and land-use planning, and the use of market-based options. This paper is based on environmental pressures from long distance air transport with the focus on passenger transport. The paper deals with variety of parameters important for aircraft operations on ground. Those parameters could be grouped within safety, technical, infrastructural, weather, meteorological conditions, etc. It is not possible consider only one group of parameters since aircraft operations on ground present complex environment for the aircraft structure loads, weight limitation or cost efficiency flight performance. Nowadays, research of aircraft ground operations is much oriented to environmental protection and noise limitation issues which influent new technologies of aircraft building or equipment production or airport capacity and air side characteristics. The paper analyzes specific operation parameters related to aircraft capabilities and performance in order to understand the quality and cost efficiency while selecting certain aircraft from fleet to operate on origin/destination airport. Obtained results and final conclusions address future measures for minimizing the environmental pressures based on environmental trends in aviation to 2050 provided by ICAO and EASA.