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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of water activity on in vitro mycelial growth of Neofusicoccum spp. infecting blueberry

Bernardo A. Latorre    
Gonzalo A. Díaz    
María P. Reed    

Resumen

Stem canker in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a disease which is widely distributed around the world and of growing importance in Chile, associated with Neofusicoccum species. The purpose of the present work was to study the effects of water activity (aw) and temperature on mycelial growth in vitro of N. arbuti, N. australe and N. parvum, obtained from blueberries with symptoms of stem canker. According to the results obtained, 25 ºC was the optimum temperature for mycelial growth of N. arbuti, N. australe and N. parvum. These species presented minimal growth at 35 ºC and none at 0 and 5 ºC. The effect of aw on mycelial growth was significant (P=0.001) and varied with the species of Neofusicoccum and the temperature. At 25 ºC, the optimum temperature, the three species of Neofusicoccum presented minimum growth with aw of 0.900 and 0.920, while optimum mycelial growth was found with aw equal to 0.990. Independent of the Neofusicoccum species, the effect of temperature (T) and aw on mycelial growth was best explained by y = -721.62 + 0.24T + 788.92aw. (R2 adj = 0.77, P=0.001), suggesting that T and aw jointly explained 77% of the total variation on mycelial growth of Neofusicoccum spp. The results obtained provide important information for a better understanding of the biology of these plant pathogenic fungi, and suggest that temperature and aw could be important parameters for understanding factors that affect the inoculum production, colonization and infection by Neofusicoccum spp. in blueberry plantations. La cancrosis de la madera en arándanos (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) es una enfermedad de amplia distribución en el mundo y de creciente importancia en Chile, asociada a la acción de especies de Neofusicoccum. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar el efecto de la actividad de agua (aw) y de la temperatura sobre el crecimiento micelial in vitro de N. arbuti, N. australe y N. parvum, obtenidos de arándanos con síntomas de cancrosis de la madera. Según los resultados obtenidos, 25 ºC fue la temperatura óptima para el crecimiento micelial de N. arbuti, N. australe y N. parvum. Estas especies crecieron mínimamente a 35 ºC y no crecieron a 0 y 5 ºC. La aw afectó significativamente (P=0.001) el crecimiento micelial y su efecto varió en función de la especie de Neofusicoccum y de la temperatura. A 25 ºC, temperatura óptima, las tres especies de Neofusicoccum crecieron mínimamente con aw de 0,900 y 0,920, siendo óptimo el crecimiento micelial con aw igual a 0,990. Independientemente de Neofusicoccum spp., el crecimiento micelial (y) entre 20 y 30 ºC se explicó a través de y = -721,62 + 0,24T + 788,92aw. (R2 = 0,77, P=0,001). Los resultados obtenidos aporta información para la mejor compresión  de la biología de estos hongos fitopatógenos y sugieren que la aw es un importante factor que podría afectar la producción de inóculo, colonización y la infección por Neofusicoccum spp., en arándanos.

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