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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Spatial variability of soil chemical attributes and productivity and the chemical and physical properties of oranges

Rafaela Nicolau    
Erivelto Mercante    
Marcio Maggi    
Eduardo de Souza    
Eloi Gasparin    

Resumen

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties and productivity and the chemical and physical properties of oranges (Monte Parnaso variety) in their geographical quadrants. This experiment was conducted in a commercial orange orchard in the municipality of Nova Laranjeiras in the State of Paraná, Brazil. A GPS receiver and a total station were used to measure the spatial location of the fruit and to determine which quadrant they were located in. In this experiment, 13 trees were studied. Twelve fruits were evaluated in each geographical quadrant, and 156 fruits were considered. After harvest, the productivity was expressed as kg per quadrant (kg quadrant-1). Next, physical tests (equatorial diameter (EqD), total fruit mass (TFM), juice yield (JY)) and chemical tests (total soluble solids (TSS), total titrable acidity (TTA), the TSS/TTA ratio, and the ascorbic acid (AA) content) were conducted in the laboratory. In addition, the data were subjected to analysis by descriptive statistics and geostatistics to determine the spatial variability of the physical and chemical properties of the oranges, the variations of the soil properties and the correlations between the following parameters: the pH properties of the fruit and Zn; TFM and K; EqD and K, and C and TSS. The orchard varies spatially, especially regarding the EqD, TFM, JcP, TSS and AA for the quadrants with the highest values (the Northwest, Southeast, Northeast, Southwest and Southeast, respectively). The soil potassium and zinc contents were strongly correlated with the physical and chemical properties of the orange fruits. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la variabilidad espacial de los atributos del suelo, de la productividad y de las propiedades físicas y químicas de los frutos de la variedad de naranja " Monte Parnaso", en relación a los cuadrantes geográficos en que se ubican los frutos analizados. El experimento se realizó en un huerto comercial de naranjos en Nova Laranjeiras, Estado de Paraná, Brasil. En el procedimiento de georreferenciación de la área y de cada árbol de la muestra, se utilizó un GPS y una estación total para medir la localización espacial de la fruta y luego la definición de qué cuadrante se ubicaban. En el experimento, se utilizaron 13 árboles en las cuales se analizaron tres frutas por cuadrante geográfico de cada árbol, por un total de 156 frutas. Después de la cosecha se estimó la productividad en kg cuadrante-1 y en el laboratorio fueran realizados análisis física (diámetro ecuatorial (ED), masa total de la fruta (MT), rendimiento de jugo (RS)) y químicos (sólidos solubles totales (SST), acidez titulable (AT), relación SST/AT y ácido ascórbico (AA)) de la fruta. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de la estadística descriptiva y de la geoestadística señalando la variabilidad espacial de las propiedades físico-químicas de las naranjas y los atributos del suelo y también correlación entre los atributos de la fruta pH y Zn, MT y K, ED y K y finalmente SST y C. El huerto tiene variaciones espaciales principalmente para los atributos diámetro ecuatorial, masa total de la fruta, rendimiento del jugo, SST y ácido ascórbico, siendo los cuadrantes con mayores valores fueron, respectivamente, noroeste, sureste, noreste, suroeste y sureste. Especialmente potasio y zinc, las propiedades del suelo, fuertemente correlacionados con las propiedades físicas y químicas de las frutas de color naranja.

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