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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Seasonal and annual changes in the quality of native rangeland selected by grazing steers in northern Mexico

Osvaldo Reyes    
Manuel Murillo    
Esperanza Herrera    
Francisco O. Carrete    

Resumen

The objective of this study was to determine and compare seasonally the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, in situ degradability and ruminal fermentation of the diet selected by cattle grazing on native rangeland over two years. Diet samples were collected from four esophageal fistulated steers (350 ± 3 kg BW), and four ruminally fistulated steers (342 ± 1.5 kg BW) were used to evaluate degradation and ruminal fermentation. Data were analyzed using a repeated measurements design. The crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) were higher in 2008 (P=0.01) and in the summer (P=0.05). The volatile fatty acids (VFA) and propionate concentrations were affected by season and year (P=0.05). The gas produced by the soluble (a) and insoluble (b) fractions and the constant rate of gas production (c) were greater in the summer and fall (P=0.05). The values of effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM) were greater in 2008 (P=0.01) and during the summer (P=0.05). Likewise, ruminal NH3N concentrations were greater in 2008 and during the summer (P=0.05). The total concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and propionate were affected by year (P=0.05) and season (P=0.05). This study showed a reduction in the nutritive value of the diet selected by grazing cattle due to annual and seasonal changes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar y comparar las estaciones durante dos años la composición química, producción de gas in vitro, degradabilidad in situ y fermentación ruminal de la dieta seleccionada por ganado en un pastizal nativo. Muestras de la dieta fueron colectadas con cuatro novillos fistulados del esófago (350 ± 3 kg PV), cuyos novillos (342 ± 1.5 kg PV) fueron usados para evaluar la degradación y fermentación ruminal. Los datos fueron analizados con un diseño de mediciones repetidas. La proteína cruda (PC), digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) y energía metabolizable (EM) fueron mayores en 2008 (P=0.05) y en el verano (P=0.05). Los ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) y las concentraciones de propionato se vieron afectados por la temporada y el año (P=0.05). Las fracciones soluble (a) e insoluble (b) y la tasa constante de degradación (c) de la producción de gas fueron mayores en verano y otoño (P=0.05). Los valores de degradabilidad efectiva de la materia seca (DEMS) fueron mayores en 2008 (P=0.01) y veranos (P=0.05). Igualmente, las concentraciones de NNH3 fueron mayores en 2008 y el verano (P=0.05). La concentración total de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) y propionato fueron afectados por los años (P=0.05) y estaciones del año (P=0.05). En este estudio se observó una reducción en el valor nutritivo de la dieta seleccionada por ganado en pastoreo debido a cambios estacionales y anuales.

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