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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Factors influencing ultimate pH and dark cutting beef incidence in bovine carcasses.

A. Hargreaves    
L. Barrales    
I. Peña    
R. Larraín    
L. Zamorano    

Resumen

A data base of 5067 carcasses was collected from two slaughter plants in Chile, during a period of six months in order to study the effect of age, carcass weight, gender, transportation distance, resting yard, slaughter time, use of implants, and slaughter plant upon carcass ultimate pH (pHu), measured after 24-hour-period of effective coldness. pHu greater to 5.9 or ?dark-firm-dry? meat (DFD) was considered a rejected carcass for exportation. The results indicate that tooth chronometry, carcass weight, and slaughtering time (evening or afternoon) do not affect rejection percentages measured as pHu (p>0.05). Significant differences (p<0.05) are observed in rejection percentages among factors such us: animal gender (female or male; 11.98 v/s 35.92%); travel distance (> or < to 960 km; 38.21 v/s 29.58%); time in resting yards (> or < to 26 hr; 39.63 v/s 28.04%); hormonal implants (with or without; 32.72 v/s 44.77%); month of slaughter (January-February or March-April; 39.08 v/s 31.18%); and slaughter plant (Santiago or Temuco; 35.24 v/s 8.2%). It is difficult to identify the most important single factor affecting pHu in meat. However, the results show that time in resting pens before slaughtering seems to be determinant upon pHu and also the easiest factor to be managed. Se recolectó la información de una muestra aleatoria de 5067 canales faenadas en dos plantas faenadoras de Chile, en un período de seis meses con el fin de estudiar el efecto de la edad, el peso de la canal, el sexo, la distancia de transporte, la permanencia en corrales, el momento de faena, el uso implantes, la fecha de faena y la planta faenadora, en la reprobación de canales por pHu (pH último, medido 24 h postmortem) mayor a 5,9 o carne ?dark-firm-dry? (DFD) debido a un bajo contenido de glucógeno muscular previo a la faena. De los factores estudiados, se observó que los porcentajes de reprobación se ven afectados por el género del animal (11,98% en hembras y 35,92% en machos), pero no lo afecta la cronometría dentaria, peso de la canal, ni el momento de faena (mañana o tarde). Además, existió una mayor reprobación cuando los animales: recorrieron una distancia de transporte mayor a 960 km (38,21 ? 29,58%), permanecieron más de 26 h en corrales de espera (39,63 ? 28,04%), no fueron sometidos a manejos de implantes (44,77- 32,72%), fueron faenados en los meses de Enero-Febrero (39,08%) comparados con los faenados en Marzo-Abril (31,18%), y finalmente existen diferencias significativas entre ambas plantas faenadoras (35,24% en Santiago y 8,2% en Temuco). Es difícil cuantificar la importancia que cada factor individual tiene sobre carne DFD, sin embargo, se observó que la permanencia en corrales puede ser determinante y fácilmente reducible.

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