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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Estimation of soil erosionability in the stream basin of Pillahuinco Grande, Buenos Aires province, Argentina.

Fernanda J. Gaspari    
Alfonso M. Rodríguez Vagaría    
Gabriela E. Senisterra    

Resumen

In a hydrographic watershed, the erosionability (K factor) of the soil evaluation depends on the technical resources, developed applied sciences, and spatial technology available. For the determination of erosionability in the watershed of Pillahuinco Grande`s Creek (Argentina) (38°S, 61°15´W), the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used by applying a geographic information system (GIS) for the cartographic evaluation. A database of geological, environmental, and soil associations was developed, which indicated that geomorphologic variability, caused by geology and soil, signifi cantly determines the spatial variation of the K factor values, in a range from 0.02 to 0.69 ((t·m2·h)·(ha·J·cm)-1). A new quantifi cation was determined with the simplifi ed K factor from the USLE model and with the two generated equations, K1, starting from sand, silt and organic matter, and K2, beginning from sand and organic matter. A linear regression and the coeffi cient of effi ciency (RN 2) were established, which indicated the adjustment of the K factor for each developed pattern. The RN 2 correlation value was 0.76 in relation to the simplifi ed K factor, 0.87 to K1, and 0.86 to K2 (very similar due to the small signifi cance of silt in the equation). This relationship demonstrates that the application of K1 and K2, according to the readiness of the data, is more specifi c and exact than the results obtained by applying the simplifi ed K factor. La evaluación de la erosionabilidad de los suelos (K) en una cuenca hidrográfica, depende de la disponibilidad de los recursos técnicos, ciencias aplicadas desarrolladas y de tecnología espacial. La metodología utilizada para su determinación en la Cuenca del Arroyo Pillahuinco Grande (Argentina), fue la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo (USLE), establecida a partir de la evaluación cartográfi ca con aplicación de sistema de información geográfi ca. Se desarrolló una base de datos de ambientes geológicos y asociaciones de suelos donde se observó que la variabilidad geomorfológica, causada por la geología y suelos, determina de manera signifi cativa una variación espacial de los valores del factor K, encontrándose en un rango de 0,02 a 0,69 (t·m2·h)·(ha·J·cm)-1. A partir de K se estableció una nueva cuantifi cación con el K simplifi cado de la USLE y con dos ecuaciones generadas K1 a partir de arena, limo y materia orgánica, y K2 con arena y materia orgánica. Se estableció una regresión lineal y el coefi ciente de efi ciencia (RN 2) que indicó el ajuste de K para cada modelo desarrollado. Este último, expresó una correlación de 0,76 en relación con K simplifi cado, de 0,87 con K1 y de 0,86 con K2, muy semejantes debido a la baja signifi cancia del limo sobre la ecuación. Esta relación demuestra que la aplicación de la K1 y K2, según disponibilidad de datos, es mas precisa y exacta que los resultados que pude aportar la fórmula del Ks.

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