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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Plant tissue culture: Current status, opportunities and challenges.

Rolando García-Gonzáles    
Karla Quiroz    
Basilio Carrasco    
Peter Caligari    

Resumen

In the last two decades plant biotechnology applications have been widely developed and incorporated into the agricultural systems of many countries worldwide. Tissue culture tools have been a key factor to support such outcomes. Current results have allowed plant biotechnology and its products ?including transgenic plants with several traits- to be the most assimilated technology for farmers and companies, representing several benefits such as: 125 millions ha of transgenic crops in 2008, the reduction of pesticides application by up to 9% in the last ten years, transgenic plants with a better nutritional quality, mass propagation of selected and healthy plants, and the production of proteins for industrial or therapeutic use. The rapid and extensive assimilation for this technology has improved the competences of the agricultural systems both in industrial and in developing countries, based on the proper application of research programs. Several theoretical and practical aspects supporting plant tissue culture applications, as well as the main results and current status of the technology are discussed in this review. The reader will find key elements to evaluate the potential of plant tissue culture tools for the development of agriculture, livestock, human health and nutrition, and human well being in general.  La aplicación de la biotecnología vegetal en la agricultura mundial ha experimentado un avance importante en los últimos veinte años y las técnicas de cultivo de tejidos vegetales han sido un soporte fundamental para estos avances. Los resultados actuales han propiciado que la biotecnología vegetal y sus productos ?incluido el uso de las plantas transgénicas- sea la tecnología de más rápida asimilación por los agricultores y que los beneficios se hayan materializado en 125 millones de hectáreas de cultivos transgénicos cultivados en 2008, la reducción en un 9% de la aplicación de pesticidas en los últimos diez años, la creación de plantas transgénicas con mejor calidad nutritiva, la propagación masiva de plantas y genotipos élites y la producción de proteínas de interés farmacéutico e industrial en células vegetales. La rápida asimilación de técnicas biotecnológicas ha mejorado la competitividad tanto de países industrializados como de países en desarrollo, gracias a la correcta aplicación de programas gubernamentales, regulaciones y el estímulo a la investigación. en este trabajo de revisión se abordan aspectos teórico-prácticos que sustentan el desarrollo de las técnicas de cultivo de tejidos, así como los principales resultados y avances en este campo para que el lector cuente con elementos que le permitan evaluar la potencialidad de estas tecnologías en el desarrollo agropecuario, la industria farmacéutica y la mejora de la calidad de vida de la población.

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